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Eval Run
Chunk-level
hit@1: 214 (71.6%)
hit@2: 261 (87.3%)
hit@4: 281 (94.0%)
hit@8: 289 (96.7%)
Document-level
hit@1: 288 (96.3%)
hit@2: 299 (100.0%)
hit@4: 299 (100.0%)
hit@8: 299 (100.0%)
Test Cases (299)
China's cautious engagement with new Syrian leadership
direct
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Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
GPW (iadogu Arastirmatan Merkezi
ORSAM Lug iil gall sylalyo 5250
Center for Middle Eastern Studies
POLICY BRIEF
NOVEMBER 2025
FROM CAUTION TO ENGAGEMENT:
CHINA'S SHIFT TOWARD
THE NEW SYRIA
RECEP T. TEKE
or months, China kept Syria at arm's
F | length, limiting its engagement with
the country's …
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1. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf ✓
2. CLM39MS.pdf
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1. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf ✓
2. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
3. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
4. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
5. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
6. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
7. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
8. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
9. CLM39MS.pdf
10. CLM39MS.pdf
requirements for making investment information available in Ukraine
fact-seeking
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68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
subsoil users, a provision requiring the recipient thereof, at any time it is
seeking to raise capital, to make relevant investment information available to
the Partnership in accordance with the LP Agreement. (b) Each Governmental Authority of Ukraine that is authorized to approve a
public-private …
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1. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf ✓
2. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
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2. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
3. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
4. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
5. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
6. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
7. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
8. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
9. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
10. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
What are the conditions for this Agreement to enter into force?
summary-style
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68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
When so agreed and approved in accordance with the legal requirements of
each Party, an amendment shall constitute an integral part of this Agreement
and shall enter into force on such date as the Parties may agree. Article XI: Entry into Force and Termination
1. ‘This Agreement shall enter into fo…
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1. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf ✓
2. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
3. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
Chunk rank order:
1. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf ✓
2. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
3. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
4. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
5. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
6. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
7. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
8. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
9. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
10. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
gender roles in Soviet Russia and men's identity struggles
conceptual
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Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
There was no public call for men to share the load of the work at home or with children. Men were seen as having little or no place at home apart from contributing their paycheck. While
this more limited expectation might seem more manageable than women’s interminable double
burden, men who had a ha…
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1. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf ✓
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2. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
3. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
4. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
5. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
6. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
7. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
8. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
9. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
10. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
What were the conditions for ordinary Russians in the 1990s?
fact-seeking
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Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
Hopes that marketization would improve
living standards were quickly dashed as ordinary Russians faced a catastrophic fall in living
standards, sky-rocketing inequality, and symptoms of economic dislocation such as routine
nonpayment of wages. Rather than longing for “communism,” Russians instead fe…
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1. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf ✓
2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
Chunk rank order:
1. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf ✓
2. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
3. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
4. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
5. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
6. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
7. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
8. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
9. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
10. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
How do Sunni narratives reinforce identity against Shia communities?
fact-seeking
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26.pdf
The article posits that
such narratives not only fuel animosity but also reinforce a collective identity among Sunni groups that positions
them in opposition to Shia communities. This is particularly evident in the framing of Shiite presence as analogous to
that of Israel, a comparison that signifie…
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1. 26.pdf ✓
2. f_0032538_26463.pdf
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2. 26.pdf
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5. 26.pdf
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10. f_0032538_26463.pdf
Saudi Arabia's support in Sunni sectarian conflicts
fact-seeking
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26.pdf
This section is structured into two subsections: forms of sectarian conflict and their political-military implications,
and the regional transformations post-Arab Spring. 2.1 Forms of Sectarian Conflict and Their Political-Military Implications
The Sunni dimension in regional conflicts often manife…
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2. 483908131.pdf
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10. 483908131.pdf
How did the oil industry change Arabian society in the 1970s?
fact-seeking
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9781847659149_preview.pdf
Arabian society was largely untouched by modernisation
before the 1970s, relying on traditional forms of social organisa-
tion. Tribal structures were important. Since the crash of the
pearl market in the 1930s, the economies of the region had been
sluggish. Many inhabitants had a semi-subsistence l…
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1. 9781847659149_preview.pdf ✓
2. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
3. JETIR1901962.pdf
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2. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
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4. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
5. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
6. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
7. JETIR1901962.pdf
8. JETIR1901962.pdf
9. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
10. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
how governance differs in Gulf states compared to mature societies
conceptual
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9781847659149_preview.pdf
Most of them are relatively young,
and there has been little opportunity to develop the checks and
balances seen in more mature societies. Breakneck development
in recent years has catapulted the Gulf states into the modern
era, but in terms of governance, practice has developed little
and many deci…
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2. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
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2. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
3. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
4. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
5. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
6. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
7. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
8. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
9. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
10. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
human rights abuses in Baathist states like Syria and Iraq
direct
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9781847659149_preview.pdf
Although
many of them claimed to be creating more progressive societies,
they nonetheless became some of the worst regimes in the region. Baathist states such as Syria and Iraq have abused human rights
on a massive scale. Many republics have become notorious for
widespread corruption and poor govern…
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1. 9781847659149_preview.pdf ✓
2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. 26.pdf
4. CLM39MS.pdf
5. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
6. f_0032538_26463.pdf
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1. 9781847659149_preview.pdf ✓
2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. 26.pdf
4. 26.pdf
5. 26.pdf
6. 26.pdf
7. CLM39MS.pdf
8. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
9. f_0032538_26463.pdf
10. CLM39MS.pdf
challenges of workforce performance for Gulf nationals
conceptual
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9781847659149_preview.pdf
It has
been difficult for these nationals to be sacked, and therefore many
have had little incentive to perform to the best of their ability. For decades there have been anecdotal stories about nation-
als arriving at work late and having much of their work done by
expatriates, who are cheaper and m…
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1. 9781847659149_preview.pdf ✓
2. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
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1. 9781847659149_preview.pdf ✓
2. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
3. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
4. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
5. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
6. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
7. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
8. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
9. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
10. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
What caused rapid development in the Gulf Co-operation Council states?
conceptual
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9781847659149_preview.pdf
The
transformation has been swift, and the Gulf Co-operation
Council (GCC) states have experienced some of the most
rapid spurts of development and economic growth in
recent global history. In this relatively short period, they
have made huge progress in terms of public health, stan-
dards of living…
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1. 9781847659149_preview.pdf ✓
2. 15208_pdf.pdf
3. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
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6. 15208_pdf.pdf
7. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
8. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
9. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
10. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
Netanyahu anti-Iran conspirators Twitter June 3 2021
direct
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483908131.pdf
“Netanyahu Has Joined the Disgraceful Journey of His Anti-Iran Co-
Conspirators.” Twitter, June 3, 2021. https://twitter.com/JZarif/status/1400495 114737360901. . “Palestine Is a Yardstick for Justice. Few Measure Up.” Twitter, May 6, 2021. https://twitter.com/JZarif/status/1390240803247861 762. Zil…
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1. 483908131.pdf ✓
2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 52.pdf
4. 4-3-37-133.pdf
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1. 483908131.pdf ✓
2. 483908131.pdf
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7. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
8. 52.pdf
9. 4-3-37-133.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
Saudi Arabia's nuclear program as a response to Iran
conceptual
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483908131.pdf
withdrawal from
JCPOA, the agreement only stalled Iran’s nuclear program for 15 years.26! Saudi Arabia
had already planned to pursue a latent nuclear weapons capacity as part of its longer term
nuclear hedging strategy against Iran.262 Saudi framed the nuclear program investment as
part of a peacefu…
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1. 483908131.pdf ✓
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impact of US abandonment on Saudi-Israel relations
fact-seeking
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483908131.pdf
actors, making this course of action a wild card. With all other factors constant, U.S. abandonment of Saudi could further push Saudi towards Israel in a realist balance-of-power
scramble against Iran. Alternatively, it could inspire a Saudi nuclear program or
normalization of relations with Iran th…
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Russia's influence in Syria and failure to support Assad
summary-style
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iaicom2476.pdf
This
growing influence positions him to
play a decisive role in shaping Russia's
future in Syria. Yet, no matter how
events unfold, the political blow to
Moscow is undeniable. Russian invincibility’s myth debunked
The Syrian debacle underscores not
merely a lack of political will but a stark
inabil…
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1. iaicom2476.pdf ✓
2. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
3. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
4. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
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1. iaicom2476.pdf ✓
2. iaicom2476.pdf
3. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
4. iaicom2476.pdf
5. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
6. iaicom2476.pdf
7. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
8. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
9. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
how much has Russia spent on military intervention in Syria?
fact-seeking
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iaicom2476.pdf
In human terms, Russian soldiers have
paid the price, losing their lives to prop
up Assad. Economically, supporting
the Syrian regime has been a drain on
Russian taxpayers: in 2015, Moscow
spent an estimated 4 million US dollars
per day on the intervention,> with
costs doubling as troop deployments
…
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1. iaicom2476.pdf ✓
2. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
3. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
4. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
5. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
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1. iaicom2476.pdf ✓
2. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
3. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
4. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
5. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
6. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
7. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
8. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
9. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
10. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
What does Talal Mohammad say about Khatami’s presidency?
summary-style
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01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
Another critical point is the retrospective analysis of
Khatami’s presidency, explained in detail in Talal Mohammad’s work, which underscores a
historically productive period for Iran-Saudi rapprochement. However, comprehensive scrutiny
of this era’s contributions to conflict resolution is imperativ…
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1. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf ✓
2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 4-3-37-133.pdf
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1. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf ✓
2. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
3. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
4. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
5. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
6. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
7. 4-3-37-133.pdf
8. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
9. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
10. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
impact of Iran-Saudi rivalry on Yemen and Lebanon
fact-seeking
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01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
Critically, despite their comprehensive analyses, none of the authors extensively The Struggle for Supremacy in the Middle East
address the regional repercussions of the Iran-Saudi rivalry, such as the famine in Yemen, the
Syrian refugee crisis, and political instability in Lebanon, which have prof…
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1. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf ✓
2. 26.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
4. 52.pdf
5. 4-3-37-133.pdf
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2. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
3. 26.pdf
4. 483908131.pdf
5. 26.pdf
6. 26.pdf
7. 52.pdf
8. 4-3-37-133.pdf
9. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
Who could mediate Iraq's political independence from Iran and Saudi Arabia?
fact-seeking
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01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
Although Iraq shares common grounds for rapprochement of both countries, the
political dynamics and both countries’ ambition to seek dominance in Iraq’s politics does not
leave too much room for this option. However, as Fraihat has argued, this might be possible in
the future if the political enviro…
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1. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf ✓
2. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
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1. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf ✓
2. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
3. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
4. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
5. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
6. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
7. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
8. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
9. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
what are the five key strategies for conflict resolution proposed by Fraihat?
fact-seeking
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01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
Furthermore, he proposes the establishment of peace
zones as a mechanism for managing the conflict, albeit hindered by external interventions
in regional politics. Fraihat delineates five key strategies for conflict resolution: rebalancing
regional order, reforming conflict strategies, mediation, tr…
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1. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf ✓
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2. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
3. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
4. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
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6. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
7. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
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9. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
10. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
What is Operation Decisive Storm in Yemen?
summary-style
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01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
For Saudi Arabia, the Wahhabism and its extremist understanding undermines its
soft power. 2 Yemeni President Mansur Hadi formally asked for the assistance of the UN Security Council on March 25, 2015, in
response to the threat posed by the Iran-backed Houthi militia advancing toward Aden. Subsequen…
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1. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf ✓
2. 15208_pdf.pdf
3. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
4. IF12581.17.pdf
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1. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf ✓
2. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
3. 15208_pdf.pdf
4. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
5. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
6. IF12581.17.pdf
7. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
8. IF12581.17.pdf
9. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
10. IF12581.17.pdf
What are the tax exemptions for the partnership in Ukraine?
summary-style
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2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
These include minerals as well as energy commodities (such as
oil, gas and liquefied natural gas) and leaves room for other minerals or hydrocarbons, if
the parties agree. The Agreement foresees a tax-efficient environment for investment. Recognising that all
economic activity related to the partner…
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2. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
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2. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
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4. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
5. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
6. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
7. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
8. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
9. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
10. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
What is the United States-Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund?
summary-style
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2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
As illustrated by the Agreement’s name, at its heart is the creation of a United States—
Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund. This would likely be a limited partnership
between the US International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) and Ukraine’s
Public-Private Partnership Agency. In the spi…
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2. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
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3. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
4. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
5. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
6. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
7. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
8. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
9. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
10. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
how does the Agreement support Ukraine's EU membership?
fact-seeking
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2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
The Annex further clarifies that if Ukraine later takes on additional obligations as part of
its EU accession that may affect the Agreement, both parties will consult and negotiate in
good faith to make necessary adjustments. In doing so, the Agreement reinforces
Ukraine’s pathway towards EU members…
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2. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
3. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
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2. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
3. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
4. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
5. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
6. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
7. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
8. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
9. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
10. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
What is necessary for the Agreement's success?
fact-seeking
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2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
And ultimately, the Agreement’s success depends on one fundamental condition: a lasting
peace and full Ukrainian control over its territory. CEPS
Place du Congres 1
B-1000 Brussels
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2. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
3. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
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5. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
6. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
7. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
8. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
9. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
10. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
What are the implications of the Agreement for Ukraine's subsoil resources?
summary-style
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2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
That’s why expectations for short-term profits from the Agreement, which even Trump
has alluded to, are misplaced. The initiative will only be successful if there is sustained
political and territorial stability and peace in Ukraine, as well as significant financial
investment and a longer time hori…
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2. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
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3. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
4. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
5. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
6. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
7. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
8. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
9. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
10. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
How did non-voters influence Trump's election in 2016?
fact-seeking
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200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
One must also know who votes
and who gives up voting under special circumstances. A largely difused Pew
Research poll survey asked and answered the following question: “Who helped
the most to elect Trump in 2016? The non-voters” (Brittany, 2018). This was
fatal. Research shows that non-voters are li…
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2. Hopmann-en.pdf
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3. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
4. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
5. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
6. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
7. Hopmann-en.pdf
8. Hopmann-en.pdf
9. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
10. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
Trump's rise and public interest according to Troyjo
fact-seeking
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200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
Available in: <https://twitter.com/giocondabrasil/status/789235076668264448>. 310 revista tempo do mundo | rtm | v. 5 | n. 1 | jan. 2019
University. After framing Trump in the show-business dimension, he declared:
“Donald Trump’s rise is not in the public interest, but surely attracts the public’s
…
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5. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
6. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
7. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
8. Hopmann-en.pdf
9. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
10. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
Brazilian media perception of the American electoral system
fact-seeking
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200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
The same phenomenon was
observed during the dispute between Al Gore and Bush Jr. at the beginning of the
millennium. The fact that the Brazilian media doubting the American electoral
system shows incomprehension of the US federal system, quite different from the
one existing in Brazil. It also shows…
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6. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
7. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
8. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
9. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
10. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
What are the participation rates in local elections?
fact-seeking
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200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
Local elections have an average of 20% to 30% of participation
and more than 70% of abstention. Data indicates clearly that lower income people, the youth and ethnic
minorities have the largest abstention rates. These are precisely the social
segments that should do it the least since they must defe…
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2. Hopmann-en.pdf
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4. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
5. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
6. Hopmann-en.pdf
7. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
8. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
9. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
10. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
Trump's foreign policy in contrast to Hillary Clinton
fact-seeking
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Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
political establishment, including
Hillary Clinton and such dogmatic Cold War warriors as John McCain,
Lindsay Graham, Bob Porter, or Marco Rubio, Trump and his senior political
advisor (until August 2017) Stephen Bannon were willing to accept the notion
that the world was quickly changing and that …
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1. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf ✓
2. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
3. Hopmann-en.pdf
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3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
5. Hopmann-en.pdf
6. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
7. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
8. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
9. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
10. Hopmann-en.pdf
Trump's stance on sanctions against Russia and Ukraine
direct
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Indicative in this sense
were the new sanctions, introduced or at least declared against Russia, the
decision to sell lethal weapons to Ukraine ona limited scale, and the change in
the tone regarding Russia, made in the President's State of the Union address
to Congress on January 30, 2018:
Around …
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1. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf ✓
2. CBP-9723.pdf
3. Hopmann-en.pdf
4. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
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2. CBP-9723.pdf
3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. Hopmann-en.pdf
5. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
6. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
7. Hopmann-en.pdf
8. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
9. Hopmann-en.pdf
10. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
How is the media campaign against Trump affecting U.S. security?
fact-seeking
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Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
The current elite media campaign, aimed to a large extent against Trump,
not Russia, creates a distorted virtual picture of the world that is completely
separated from reality. Especially dangerous is the fact that its foreign
policy results are essentially opposite to the desired ones: they push th…
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2. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
3. Hopmann-en.pdf
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3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
5. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
6. Hopmann-en.pdf
7. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
8. Hopmann-en.pdf
9. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
10. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
China and India could surpass U.S. economy by 2050
direct
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Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
Even more
important were the economic projections of that time, indicating that due to
their faster rates of economic growth (respectively 6.7% and 6.6% in 2016
compared to the U.S.’ 1.6%), the size of both China’s and India’s economies
could exceed that of the U.S. within the first half of the curr…
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2. JETIR1901962.pdf
3. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
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2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. JETIR1901962.pdf
4. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
5. JETIR1901962.pdf
6. JETIR1901962.pdf
7. JETIR1901962.pdf
8. JETIR1901962.pdf
9. JETIR1901962.pdf
10. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
What is a uni-multipolar world according to Huntington?
summary-style
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Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
See: “A Uni-Multipolar World,” AEI Letter, 1 July 1998, http://www.aei. org/publication/a-uni-multipolar-world/print/ (Accessed 1 June 2018). According to Huntington, “A
unipolar world is one in which a single state acting unilaterally with little or no cooperation from other
states can effectively …
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2. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
5. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
6. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
7. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
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2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
5. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
6. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
7. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
8. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
9. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
10. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
Omar Diaby jihadist camp operation October 21
direct
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Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
And those who fail to comply with
state policies will face necessary measures. The case of Franco-Senegalese jihadist
Omar Diaby illustrates how this policy would
play out on the ground. Leading a group of
foreign fighters in a camp in Idlib, Diaby has
refused to integrate into the Syrian army and
f…
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2. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
3. 15208_pdf.pdf
4. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
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2. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
3. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
4. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
5. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
6. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
7. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
8. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
9. 15208_pdf.pdf
10. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
Ukraine Government responsibilities in licensing Natural Resource Assets
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68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
In recognition of the shared interest in ensuring that this Agreement and the
LP Agreement are consistent with the strategic interests of both Parties, the
Government of Ukraine shall cause each Governmental Authority of
Ukraine that is authorized to issue licenses or special permits for subsoil use…
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3. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
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3. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
4. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
5. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
6. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
7. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
8. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
9. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
10. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
Syria's pledge to China on national security and counterterrorism
fact-seeking
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Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
According to
the press readout of the Syrian
foreign minister's meeting with
his Chinese counterpart, this
1 “Syria's new president meets Chinese envoy for first time since Assad's fall", Al Arabiya,
21 February 2025. 2. Timour Azhari and Suleiman al-Khalidi, “Exclusive: US gives nod to Syria to b…
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2. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
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3. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
4. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
5. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
6. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
7. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
8. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
9. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
10. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
contact information for Anadolu Ajansi in Ankara
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Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
No: 3 Cankaya, ANKARA
Phone : +90 850 888 15 20
Email : infofaorsam.org.tr
Photo : Anadolu Ajansi (AA)
10 | policy brief 292
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2. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
3. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
4. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
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2. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
3. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
4. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
5. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
6. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
7. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
8. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
9. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
Russian military maneuvers in 2021 along the M-4 road
direct
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changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
The year 2021 also wit-
nessed a noticeable increase
in Russian military maneuvers
Russia is aiming
to impose anew
reality of control
on the ground that
would force the US
2021 witnessed a
maneuvers along
the M-4 road in
the area between
al-Raqqa and al-
Hasakah. www.orsam.org.tr |
noticeable in…
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2. CBP-9723.pdf
3. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
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2. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
3. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
4. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
5. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
6. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
7. CBP-9723.pdf
8. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
9. CBP-9723.pdf
10. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
US presence and objectives in Syria January 2022
direct
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changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
PD (iacogu Arastirmatan Merkezi
ORSAM bugil gall eplalyss 3S
Center for Middle Eastern Studies
POLICY BRIEF
JANUARY 2022
CHANGES IN THE US PRESENCE
AND OBJECTIVES IN SYRIA
NAVVAR SABAN
INTRODUCTION
hrough three successive White
House administrations, the US linked
its presence in Syria to the …
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2. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
3. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
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2. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
3. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
4. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
5. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
6. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
7. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
8. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
9. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
10. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
US forces actions against Russian military in November 2021
direct
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changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
In
the first week of November 2021, US forc-
es prevented Russian forces from holding
6 | policy brief 201
a joint military maneuver with regime forc-
es in southern Tal Tamr after the Russians
conducted a similar military maneuver near
Ayn Issa in Raqqa province. On November
19, 2021, US forces a…
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2. CBP-9723.pdf
3. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
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2. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
3. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
4. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
5. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
6. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
7. CBP-9723.pdf
8. CBP-9723.pdf
9. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
10. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
Russia's military presence in northeastern Syria after US withdrawal
direct
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changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
The Russian
tem on al-Tabqa and ex-
pand the runway in Sirin,
aiming to draw set the
main border of their area
of interest there. military
presence in the southern
province of al-Raqqa,
the northeastern prov-
ince of Aleppo, and the
southwestern province
of al-Hasakah occurred
only after the withdr…
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2. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
3. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
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2. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
3. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
4. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
5. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
6. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
7. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
8. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
9. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
10. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
What is the US approach to humanitarian aid in Syria?
summary-style
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changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
2. Ensure that humanitari-
an aid continues to reach
Syria. 3. Maintaining the cease-
fire agreements be-
tween the YPG/SDF and
the SNA. Comparing the announced
US objectives with the devel-
opments regarding the US
military influence and areas
of interest in Syria, can limit
or define the current U…
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2. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
3. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
4. CLM39MS.pdf
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2. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
3. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
4. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
5. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
6. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
7. CLM39MS.pdf
8. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
9. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
10. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
Ohannes Geukjian Russian Military Intervention in Syria analysis
direct
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10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
we Volume 22, Number 88, 2025: 107-109
ULUSLARARASI ILI$KILER | INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1602268
The Russian Military Intervention in Syria
Ohannes GEUKJIAN
Montreal, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2022, 312 pages, ISBN: 9780228009467 (ePUB)
Damla Nur OZDEMIR
…
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2. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
3. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
4. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
5. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
6. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
7. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
8. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
9. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
How does Russia view the US-led unipolar structure?
fact-seeking
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10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
Russia perceives that
the United States (US)-led unipolar structure of the international system has diminished its
global influence and poses a threat to its geostrategic interests (p. 57, 71). Therefore, Russia
believes it is necessary to strengthen its position and establish a set of rules for a m…
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1. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf ✓
2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. Hopmann-en.pdf
4. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
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1. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf ✓
2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. Hopmann-en.pdf
5. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
6. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
7. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
8. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
9. Hopmann-en.pdf
10. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
Russia's role in the Syrian conflict from 2011 to 2014
fact-seeking
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10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
Chapter three examines the period between
2011 and 2014, focusing on the involvement of various regional and international actors in
the Syrian conflict. The chapter highlights that Russia capitalized on America’s lack of clear
policy in Syria. Russia aimed to take on the responsibilities associated…
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1. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf ✓
2. CLM39MS.pdf
3. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
4. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
5. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
6. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
7. iaicom2476.pdf
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1. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf ✓
2. CLM39MS.pdf
3. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
4. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
5. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
6. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
7. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
8. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
9. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
10. iaicom2476.pdf
sanctions legislation in the 119th Congress related to Iran
direct
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IF12452.6.pdf
In the
119" Congress, Members have considered legislation to
amend sanctions-related statutory authorities, including to
alter the conditions under which the President may waive or
lift sanctions on Iran (see, e.g., H.R. 2012 and H.R. 2570)
and to authorize additional sanctions (see, e.g., H.R. 1422…
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2. IF12581.17.pdf
3. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
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2. IF12452.6.pdf
3. IF12452.6.pdf
4. IF12452.6.pdf
5. IF12452.6.pdf
6. IF12581.17.pdf
7. IF12452.6.pdf
8. IF12452.6.pdf
9. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
10. IF12452.6.pdf
impact of sanctions on Iran's economy and government behavior
conceptual
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IF12452.6.pdf
sanctions have adversely affected Iran’s
economy but Iranian government behavior remains a threat
to U.S. interests and those of partners including Israel. After
the June 2025 Israel-Iran conflict and U.S. strikes on
Iranian nuclear facilities, President Donald Trump wrote he
had been “working on th…
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
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2. IF12452.6.pdf
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4. IF12452.6.pdf
5. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
6. IF12452.6.pdf
7. IF12452.6.pdf
8. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
9. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
10. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
U.S. sanctions on Iran since 1979
direct
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IF12452.6.pdf
Congressional Research Service
a
= Informing the legislative debate since 1914
U.S. Sanctions on Iran
Since the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the United States has
used sanctions of various types as key tools of U.S. policy
toward the government of Iran. The U.S. government uses
sanctions to deter,…
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
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2. IF12452.6.pdf
3. IF12452.6.pdf
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5. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
6. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
7. IF12452.6.pdf
8. IF12452.6.pdf
9. IF12452.6.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
what do US sanctions on Iran prohibit?
summary-style
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IF12452.6.pdf
sanctions on Iran block Iranian government assets in
the United States, ban nearly all U.S. trade with Iran, and
prohibit foreign assistance and arms sales. U.S. law
authorizes sanctions targeting
e Iran’s energy sector, including foreign corporations that
invest in it and entities that buy, sell, …
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1. IF12452.6.pdf ✓
2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
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2. IF12452.6.pdf
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5. IF12452.6.pdf
6. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
7. IF12452.6.pdf
8. IF12452.6.pdf
9. IF12452.6.pdf
10. IF12452.6.pdf
What sanctions has Congress enacted against Iran since 1992?
summary-style
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IF12452.6.pdf
Congress
authorized sanctions targeting Iran’s proliferation activities
beginning in 1992 and, in 1996, enacted landmark
legislation mandating the first Iran-related secondary
sanctions, on foreign firms involved in the development of
Iran’s oil resources (Iran has the world’s third largest
proven o…
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5. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
6. IF12452.6.pdf
7. IF12452.6.pdf
8. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
9. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
10. IF12452.6.pdf
What military exercises did Russia conduct in September 2015?
fact-seeking
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Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
Observing this change, Russia is also aiming to develop its co-operational
counterinsurgency and counterterrorism capacities. As Russian Defense Minister Sergey
Shoigu observed, the military exercises conducted between 14 and 20 September 2015
were carried out while keeping in mind the tactics of te…
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2. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
3. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
4. iaicom2476.pdf
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2. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
3. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
4. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
5. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
6. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
7. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
8. iaicom2476.pdf
9. iaicom2476.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
impact of the dissolution of the Soviet Union on world order
conceptual
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The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
These features
result from the dynamics of liability of the interstate situation over the centuries. 91 In this article, the author puts the main focus on the changes happening at the
turn of the XX and XXI centuries. An immeasurable metamorphosis of the contemporary world order was the
dissolution …
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1. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf ✓
2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
5. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
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1. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf ✓
2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
3. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
4. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
5. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
6. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
7. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
8. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
9. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
10. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
What defines modern war according to the War Studies University?
summary-style
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2 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic would be 90. The anniversary of formation, http://
www.newsweek.pl/historia/zwiazek-socjalistycznych-republik-sowieckich-mialby-90-lat--
rocznica-utworzenia,100002,1,1.html [06.10.2016]. 92 The characteristic of the new dimension of war
In order to develop t…
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3. 4-3-37-133.pdf
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5. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
6. CBP-9723.pdf
7. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
8. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
9. 4-3-37-133.pdf
10. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
Julia Tymoshenko's role at the Maidan protests
fact-seeking
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The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
Julia Tymoshenko immediately appeared at the
Maidan and started to encourage demonstrators in a further struggle. Parallel to
these events, the information about the peculiar wealth of Yanukovych went viral
in the media. In the opinion of international mass media, Yanukovych received
an order to fle…
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6. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
7. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
8. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
9. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
10. CBP-9723.pdf
Yevgeny Primakov's notion at UN General Assembly
fact-seeking
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The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
It connects the elements proving the uniqueness of Russia in the
world; however, without the element of confrontation with the West. Konstantin
Sorokin is regarded as the main precursor. The first time this notion had been
officially presented, by Yevgeny Primakov, was at the 51* session of the UN G…
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1. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf ✓
2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. Hopmann-en.pdf
4. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
5. iaip2023.pdf
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2. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
5. Hopmann-en.pdf
6. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
7. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
8. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
9. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
10. iaip2023.pdf
impact of propaganda in the Ukraine conflict
conceptual
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Potocki (ed.),
Formatowanie Ukrainy, i, Warsaw, 2013, pp. 137-138. 32 Ibid., p.139. 101 unfinished internal conflict that was started in Donbas and Luhansk in the east
of Ukraine®. The propaganda aspect is closely connected with manipulating an opponent
and is based on disinformation, which is centr…
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5. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
6. CBP-9723.pdf
7. CBP-9723.pdf
8. CBP-9723.pdf
9. CBP-9723.pdf
10. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
What benefits does Qatar offer to foreign investors?
summary-style
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5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
The department is tasked with strengthening the relationship between prospective investors and
government agencies, helping them to establish a business in the State of Qatar. Investment in the State of Qatar
Qatar represents an attractive destination for foreign investments, offering investors pol…
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2. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
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2. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
3. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
4. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
5. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
6. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
7. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
8. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
9. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
10. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
What is Lusail Iconic Stadium and its capacity?
summary-style
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5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
Lusail Iconic Stadium
The new Lusail Iconic Stadium, with a capacity of 86,250 people will host the
opening and final matches of the 2022 FIFA world cup. Located in Lusail City,
the stadium takes its inspiration from the sail of a traditional showboat and is
surrounded by water. After the FIFA worl…
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2. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
3. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
4. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
5. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
6. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
7. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
8. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
9. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
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types of visas issued by Qatar's Ministry of Interior
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There are various future projects in the other sectors to be performed under
the umbrella of Law No. 13 of 2000 and its before amendments. These projects
are meant to meet the needs of citizens and residents and provide unique and
privileged services. 23 Visa types
Types of visas issued by diplomat…
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What are Qatar's incentives for non-Qatari investors?
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What is the minimum capital requirement for setting up a non-Qatari company? No minimum capital is specified. It depends on the size of the business that will be established in the State
of Qatar. Does Qatar offer incentives to investors? Qatar offers the following incentives to investors:
e Non-Qa…
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What is the purpose of ECQ in the Gulf region?
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The purpose of ECQ is to enhance the Gulf region's ability to capture critical
revenue streams from hydrocarbons and act as a nucleus for the core elements
of the Middle East’s growing oil and gas industry. ECQ is located midway between the Dafna business/residential district and the
Lusail developm…
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Yemen civil war and Houthi movement since 2015
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Congressional Research Service
a
= Informing the legislative debate since 1914
Updated February 20, 2026
Yemen: Conflict, Red Sea Security, and U.S. Policy
Yemen is a conflict-afflicted nation along the strategic Bab
al Mandab Strait, one of the world’s most active shipping
lanes. Since 2015, a …
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7. IF12581.17.pdf
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What is the role of the Congressional Research Service?
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Policy
Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to
congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be r…
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What led to the Houthi insurgency in Yemen?
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In 20212, Arab Spring-era protests and unrest prompted the
president of the Republic of Yemen Government
(ROYG) to resign. A UN-mediated transition and national
dialogue sought to broker new governing arrangements. The Houthi movement (alt. Ansar Allah or Partisans of
God), a north Yemen-based Zaydi…
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8. IF12581.17.pdf
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AU.S.TRAC talks on FATF Travel Rule for crypto assets 2021
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On May 25th, 2021, the CEO of AU.S.TRAC announced that talks are
underway to decide if the agency should implement the FATF Travel Rule
Australia 2018 MER: for crypto asset exchanges. In August 2021, the Australian Department
COMPLIANT of Home Affairs said it agrees with submissions from industry th…
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What are the innovative regulatory approaches in cryptocurrency?
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Regulators, including the FATF,
have expressed concerns in addressing these
risks across P2P platforms. INNOVATION: BARRIERS
VS ENCOURAGEMENT
The focus of this section is two-fold: Firstly, the
bid for protection of consumers and market
integrity may create barriers to innovation
in the industry. …
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What is the Travel Rule according to the Monetary Authority of Singapore?
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The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) covers the Travel Rule in
. 2019 MER: paragraph 13 of Notice PSNO2. This requires VASPs to prove ownership
Singapore COMPLIANT of non-custodial wallets. The minimum threshold is not specified, but
transactions under $1,500 SGD have a reduced set of requirem…
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What consultations were issued in 2021 regarding stablecoins?
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The increase in regulatory and policy attention has not necessarily been followed by concrete
actions. Many public consultations have been issued in 2021, including from the FATF,? the UK HM
Treasury (HMT),? the Bank of International Settlements (BIS),4 and Dubai Financial Services Authority.°
A cle…
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China's cryptocurrency trading ban September 2021
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On September 24, 2021, China issued a blanket ban on cryptocurrency trading,’ declaring
all forms of digital asset transactions and financing as illegal activities that are strictly prohibited due
to the risks to consumers. nthe U.S., SEC Chairman Gary Gensler has testified multiple times that the c…
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What are the roles of Russia, EU, and China in the Middle East?
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Russia
might be willing to increase involvement, but its domestic economy is not sufficient
to support this level of ambition. The EU sees the Middle East as its neighbourhood,
but does not have sufficient resources to make changes in the region and is deeply
divided internally on what course of act…
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Huawei's presence in Libya, Yemen, and Iraq
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The Chinese company Huawei stayed in Libya,
Yemen and Iraq to maintain communication facilities even when other companies
20 Ma Xia and Song Caicen, “China-Egypt Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone: New Oasis
on ‘The Belt and Road” [in Chinese], in West Asia and Africa, No. 2 (2016), p. 109-12…
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8. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
9. CLM39MS.pdf
10. iaip2023.pdf
economic factors contributing to instability in the Middle East
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© 2020 FEPS-IAI
ISSN 2610-9603 | ISBN 978-88-9368-143-8
IAI PAPERS 20 | 23 - AUGUST 2020
China and Middle East Security Issues: Challenges, Perceptions and Positions
1.2 Instability due to economic factors
A second set of risks and instability drivers relate to the socio-economic sphere,
rangin…
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Who attended the summit between the US and Russia?
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540), especially since
the summit took place on US territory. In addition to the presidents, the talks between the two delegations were
also attended by US Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Special Representative of the President Steven Witkoff on
the US side, and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey La…
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Trump's efforts to engage European NATO members
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In the case of the US, this process was initiated even prior to the summit in Alaska (see ‘IES
Commentary’, No. 1411). Despite the fact that European NATO members and Ukraine are positioning themselves as
petitioners rather than partners vis-a-vis the US, Trump still has to take them into account. I…
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4. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
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6. CBP-9723.pdf
7. Hopmann-en.pdf
8. iaicom2476.pdf
9. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
10. iaicom2476.pdf
Russia's aim to neutralize Ukraine and its impact on talks
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In addition, given Russia’s stated aim of achieving the complete
neutralisation of Ukraine, as opposed to merely controlling part of its territory, it appears that the positions of the
US, Ukraine, and Russia are currently irreconcilable. This has led to a lack of optimism regarding the potential
ou…
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5. CBP-9723.pdf
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8. CBP-9723.pdf
9. CBP-9723.pdf
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contact information for IES Lublin
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Niecaia 5, tel. 81 532 29 07 komentarze@ieslublin.pl_ | www.ies.lublin.pl
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3. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
4. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
5. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
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7. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
8. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
9. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
10. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
Saudi Arabia, Israel, and Turkey alignment against Iran
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Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
Saudi Ara-
bia and Israel formed a de facto united front, joined by Turkey, for a new push against
Iran, signaling a growing alignment in their interests, while US lawmakers promised
to seek new sanctions on the Shi’ite Muslim power." In stark contrast with the higher
perceptual positioning that Ira…
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IMF forecast for Saudi break-even oil price drop
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11 Bloomberg, “IMF Sees Saudi Break-Even Oil Price Drop Less Than Forecast,” October
19, 2017 (accessed February 22, 2017); available from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/
articles/2016-10-19/imf-sees-saudi-break-even-oil-price-falling-less-than-expected. 12. Ibid. -50- *
SPRe
ENERGY POLICY TURKEY …
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7. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
8. JETIR1901962.pdf
9. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
10. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
How do Trump's policies affect Iran's oil economy?
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Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
Iran, at the time, certainly appeared to
be better equipped to weather oil-price shocks. Nevertheless, Donald Trump’s protectionist trade policies and fiscal stimulus package
at home are expected to reduce demand for foreign goods and slow down the global re-
covery, stimulate FED interest rate hike…
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4. iaip2023.pdf
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
4. IF12452.6.pdf
5. IF12452.6.pdf
6. iaip2023.pdf
7. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
8. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
9. IF12452.6.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
GCC oil in world energy markets report Tatiana Mitrova
direct
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Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
Tatiana Mitrova, “GCC Oil in World Energy Markets,” The Emirates Center for Strategic
Studies and Research, 24-25 November 2015. 3 The Economist, “OPEC Reaches a Deal to Cut Production,’ December 3, 2016 (accessed
February 19, 2017); available from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-
economic…
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1. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf ✓
2. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
3. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
4. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
5. 2903-1454495626.pdf
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1. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf ✓
2. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
3. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
4. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
5. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
6. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
7. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
8. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
9. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
10. 2903-1454495626.pdf
What are the sovereign rights of both Parties over the seabed?
fact-seeking
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volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
Both Parties mutually recognize
t Official translation signed by both Parties. ® Traduction officielle signée par les deux Parties. 3 Came into force on 29 January 1969 by the exchange of the instruments of ratification,
which took place at Jeddah, in accordance with article 5. “No, 9976 244 United…
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3. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
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10. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
offshore boundary agreement signed in Teheran on October 24, 1968
direct
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volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the above-named plenipotentiaries, duly autho-
tized by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement. Done at Teheran, this Second day of Sha’ban, 1388 (Hejira calendar),
corresponding to the Second day of Aban, 1347 (Iranian Calendar), and
to the twenty-fourth day of…
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6. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
7. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
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10. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
what is the procedure for accepting committee positions by governments?
fact-seeking
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volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
The positions for these points fixed by the committee shall be regarded
as accepted by both Governments if neither Government objects within
one month after the committee has presented its reports, which report
shall be submitted to both Governments on the same date. Thereafter, for all purposes ari…
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3. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
4. joint20trilateral20statement20by20the20peoples20republic20of20china20the20kingdom20of20saudi20arabia.pdf
5. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
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5. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
6. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
7. joint20trilateral20statement20by20the20peoples20republic20of20china20the20kingdom20of20saudi20arabia.pdf
8. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
9. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
10. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
Who is His Excellency Shaikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani?
fact-seeking
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volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
Company
His Excellency Shaikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani
Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources
and Representative of the Royal Government
of Saudi Arabia
No, 9976
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4. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
5. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
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5. 2903-1454495626.pdf
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7. 483908131.pdf
8. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
Who is Manoochehr Eghbal and his role?
fact-seeking
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volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
Manoochehr Eghbal
Chairman of the Board and General Managing
Director of the National Iranian Oil Company
and Representative of the Imperial Government of Iran
No. 9976 224 United Nations — Treaty Series 1969
IIb
Your Excellency :
I have the honour to inform Your Excellency that I have received
…
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6. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
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6. 483908131.pdf
7. 52.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
China Iran military cooperation arms sales technology transfer
keyword
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3_v25_2_24.pdf
There is no direct evidence to
support its participation in Iran's construction of nuclear weapon system, but
the data shape a strong possibility that Chinese firms have transferred
technology that can be used for weaponization. This hidden relation greatly
concerns the international community. Mili…
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2. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
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4. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
5. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
6. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
7. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
8. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
9. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
10. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
impact of sanctions on China-Iran trade 2000-2023
direct
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The Chinese-
Iranian efforts to negotiate alternative market circuits will also be discussed,
with the conclusions offering more general reflections on regional stability. Impact of Sanctions on China-Iran Trade (2000-2023)
Year | Sanctions Regime | Impact on | China’s Notable
Trade Response Econom…
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3. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
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6. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
7. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
8. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
9. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
10. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
How did Nasser become a hero in the Arab world?
fact-seeking
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aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
Consequently, it was the United
States that stopped Israel, France and UK but Nasser was the beneficiary as he
became a hero in the Arab world because of the retreat of the enemies. The “victory”
of Nasser was also seen as the success of Arab socialist-nationalism in the region. In this context, the…
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3. 52.pdf
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7. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
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9. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
10. 52.pdf
How did NATO's acceptance of Greece and Turkey affect US aid?
conceptual
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aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
The
defense was also based on string of military bases and a sophisticated network of
intelligence gathering devices located near the Soviet border. In 1952, NATO
accepted the membership of Greece and Turkey for the security concerns although
they were not seen as “democratic” countries. As a result…
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2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
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6. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
7. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
8. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
9. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
10. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
What was the US's role in the 1967 Middle East conflict?
summary-style
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aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
These efforts have shown the US will to get honest broker position in the
conflict. Consequently, the US initiative failed and Israel decided to strike first. In
June 5 Israel army attacked Egypt and Syria and defeated their armed forces. Neither
the Soviet Union nor the United States intervened. Af…
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6. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
7. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
8. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
9. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
10. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
books on the origins of the Cold War
keyword
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Kennedy-Pipe, Caroline, The Origins of the Cold War, New York, Palgrave-
Macmillan, 2007. Kissinger, H., (1995), Diplomacy, New York, etc., Touchstone-Simon & Schuster. Korybko, A., (2015), The Middle East: Russian Style, (2015), Retrieved from:
http://orientalreview.org/2015/10/07/the-new-middle-ea…
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6. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
7. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
8. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
9. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
10. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
historical significance of 'America First' and nationalism
conceptual
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Hopmann-en.pdf
Al In: IFSH (ed.), OSCE Yearbook 2018, Baden-Baden 2019, pp. 39-51. ignorant?” Indeed, the historical baggage cited by the president’s critics often
refers to two ways in which terms such as “nationalist” and “America First”
have been used in the past. The term “nationalist” has most often been used…
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6. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
7. Hopmann-en.pdf
8. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
9. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
10. Hopmann-en.pdf
role of neutral states in the Helsinki Final Act
fact-seeking
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Hopmann-en.pdf
In: IFSH (ed.), OSCE Yearbook 2018, Baden-Baden 2019, pp. 39-51. P. Terrence Hopmann
Trump, Putin, and the OSCE
Introduction
Since the time of the negotiation of the Helsinki Final Act between 1973 and
1975, the OSCE has largely been an institution where the neutral, non-aligned
states and the “m…
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7. Hopmann-en.pdf
8. Hopmann-en.pdf
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10. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
What challenges does the OSCE face without US and Russia support?
summary-style
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Hopmann-en.pdf
They have been replaced by a transactional set of relationships that seek
agreements based on narrowly defined national interests. They see diplomacy
as an activity between powerful heads of state, only minimally limited by their
own policy-making elites and largely unconstrained by the complex netw…
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9. Hopmann-en.pdf
10. Hopmann-en.pdf
Mike Pompeo swaggers his way to failure article
direct
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Hopmann-en.pdf
8 Jackson Diehl, Mike Pompeo swaggers his way to failure, The Washington Post, 9 Decem-
ber 2018, at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/mike-pompeo-
swaggers-his-way-to-failure/2018/12/09/0c7dd626-f977-1 le8-8c9a-
860ce2a8148f story.html?utm_term=.05802301166b. 9 Cf. How Popula…
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2. Contexts_RevengeoftheLostMen_21_January_2020.pdf
3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
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5. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
6. Hopmann-en.pdf
7. Hopmann-en.pdf
8. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
9. Hopmann-en.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
Israel and Saudi Arabia normalization process
keyword
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special-publication-230723.pdf
The Current Situation
A gradual - if slow process - of normalization between Israel and Saudi Arabia has
been underway for some time. Riyadh has taken a strategic decision to move
cautiously toward improved relations with Israel. Indeed, in recent years there has been slow movement toward more open…
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7. special-publication-230723.pdf
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10. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
What benefits do Saudis seek from normalization with Israel?
summary-style
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special-publication-230723.pdf
Although the Saudis are mainly looking to the United States to reward them for
normalization, they will also need to show that the move yields benefits on the
Palestinian front. The Saudis still have some room for flexibility and could even
agree to make progress with Israel below the “Palestinian s…
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3. 483908131.pdf
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4. 483908131.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
6. special-publication-230723.pdf
7. special-publication-230723.pdf
8. special-publication-230723.pdf
9. special-publication-230723.pdf
10. special-publication-230723.pdf
what was discussed at the Negev Forum conference 2022
fact-seeking
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Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
To help
push through the Emirati-Israeli agreement, the US
advanced a $23 billion F-35 and drone sale to the
UAE. Trump’s approach effectively sidelined the
Palestinian issue. The Biden administration built on the Abraham
Accords with the inaugural Negev Forum
conference, hosted by Israel in March …
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3. 52.pdf
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4. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
5. 52.pdf
6. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
7. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
8. 4-3-37-133.pdf
9. 52.pdf
10. 52.pdf
Bahrain suspends relations with Israel November 2023
direct
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Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
Bahrain’s parliament suspended relations with
Israel in November 2023 and recalled the Bahraini
ambassador, but this move was largely symbolic
as the executive branch retains control over the
country’s foreign relations. In Morocco, air links with
Israel were suspended and tourism dropped. The pros…
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4. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
5. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
6. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
7. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
8. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
9. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
10. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
When did Sudan sign the Abraham Accords Declaration?
fact-seeking
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Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
Sudan signed an
Abraham Accords Declaration on January 6, 2021,
during a visit by the US secretary of the treasury, accompanied by an additional promise of assistance
with obtaining loans from the World Bank. The move
was widely unpopular in Sudan, and the bilateral
agreement with Israel was never s…
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3. 483908131.pdf
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5. 4-3-37-133.pdf
6. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. 4-3-37-133.pdf
9. 4-3-37-133.pdf
10. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
What are the criticisms of the 2020 Abraham Accords?
summary-style
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Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS
FOR FURTHER ENLARGEMENT
Unlike previous diplomatic agreements such as
the 1978 Camp David Accords, the 2020 Abraham
Accords centered primarily on the normalization
of diplomatic relations with states that had not
been in open conflict with each other. And while
the acco…
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2. 483908131.pdf
3. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
4. 4-3-37-133.pdf
5. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
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3. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
4. 483908131.pdf
5. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
6. 4-3-37-133.pdf
7. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
8. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
9. 4-3-37-133.pdf
10. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
Qatar's foreign policy shift after the al-Ula Summit
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In an effort to dial down rising tensions amid regional adversaries, the
Gulf Cooperation Council’s historic al-Ula Summit held in 2021 marked a remarkable shift
towards greater pragmatism in the UAE and Qatar’s foreign policy agendas (Cafiero, 2022). Rothstein’s definition of small states aptly de…
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7. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
8. 15208_pdf.pdf
9. 15208_pdf.pdf
10. 15208_pdf.pdf
how did political Islam emerge in the 1970s Middle East?
fact-seeking
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15208_pdf.pdf
The
regional order in the Gulf is part of a broader regional system of the Middle East, consisting of
a number of cluster factors such as power dynamics, ideational factors, and domestic aspects. In the era of the 1970s, inspired by the earlier nationalistic Arab movements upholding Islamic
14 Elec…
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3. 26.pdf
4. 52.pdf
5. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
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5. 26.pdf
6. 52.pdf
7. 26.pdf
8. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
9. f_0032538_26463.pdf
10. 26.pdf
What happened after the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty of 1979?
summary-style
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4-3-37-133.pdf
Egypt - Israel Peace Treat (1979)
The Egyptian-Israeli Treaty was the first Arab-Israeli accord
struck between 1978 and 1979. Egypt's President Anwar
Sadat and Israel's Prime Minister Begin signed this bilateral
pact, confusing the Carter administration's favoured
comprehensive peace between Israel…
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2. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
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3. 4-3-37-133.pdf
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5. 4-3-37-133.pdf
6. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
7. 4-3-37-133.pdf
8. 4-3-37-133.pdf
9. 4-3-37-133.pdf
10. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
How did Saudi Arabia react to the establishment of Israel?
fact-seeking
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4-3-37-133.pdf
But after 1948, when the
Declaration of Independence referred to "the State of
Israel," "Palestine" and "Eretz Israel" were replaced. According to standard political usage of the 20th century,
the Jewish kingdom needed a name. "Israel" was accepted
as a recognisable and fitting name for the fledglin…
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2. 483908131.pdf
3. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
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3. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
4. 4-3-37-133.pdf
5. 4-3-37-133.pdf
6. 483908131.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
9. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
10. 4-3-37-133.pdf
Gulf States and Israel after the Abraham Accords
direct
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Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
Arab Reform Initiative
Bawader / Commentary, 6 November 2020
The Gulf States and Israel after
the Abraham Accords
> Fatiha Dazi-Héni
U.S. President Donald Trump (2nd R), Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (2nd L), UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan (R) and Bahrain Foreign
M…
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2. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
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2. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
3. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
4. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
5. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
6. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
7. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
8. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
9. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
10. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
What is the significance of Israel's normalization with Gulf states?
fact-seeking
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Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
They also give Israel
unprecedented direct access to the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf. Anumber of questions arise. What exactly happened in the region between the
establishment of trade missions in 1996, the adoption of the Arab peace plan at
the Summit of the League of Arab States (LAS) i…
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2. special-publication-230723.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
4. 4-3-37-133.pdf
5. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
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2. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
3. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
4. special-publication-230723.pdf
5. special-publication-230723.pdf
6. 483908131.pdf
7. 4-3-37-133.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
10. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
Bahrain Israel relations normalization August 2020
keyword
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Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
@ Arab Reform Initiative
relations with Israel was imposed on Bahrain following the Emirati announcement
on 13 August 2020 and under joint pressure from MBS and Trump. President
Trump was ina hurry to register a diplomatic success so as to erase from memory
the failure of the ‘deal of the century’,…
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2. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
4. 4-3-37-133.pdf
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1. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf ✓
2. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
3. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
4. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
6. 4-3-37-133.pdf
7. 4-3-37-133.pdf
8. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
9. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
10. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
What happened on 5 June regarding Qatar and its neighbors?
fact-seeking
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Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
It was created on 25 May 1981
at its constitutive summit in Abu Dhabi. For acritical analysis of the Accords, see:
https://www.du.edu/korbel/middleeast/media/documents/occasional_paper_10.pdf
For details regarding the crisis that erupted on 5 June between Qatar and a quartet of states (Saudi Arabia…
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2. 15208_pdf.pdf
3. iaip2023.pdf
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2. 15208_pdf.pdf
3. 15208_pdf.pdf
4. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
5. 15208_pdf.pdf
6. 15208_pdf.pdf
7. 15208_pdf.pdf
8. iaip2023.pdf
9. 15208_pdf.pdf
10. 15208_pdf.pdf
How are China-Africa relations different from neo-colonialism?
fact-seeking
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china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
It is clear that the texture
of relations is complex and cannot
be reduced to the familiar story of
neo-colonialism or neo-imperialism
that has dominated discourses on
Africa's encounter with the West. In
spite of the often ideologically col-
ored lens with which China-Africa
relations have been vie…
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2. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
3. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
4. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
5. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
6. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
7. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
8. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
9. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
10. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
impact of Saudi Aramco IPO on Petro Yuan
fact-seeking
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JETIR1901962.pdf
This move is likely to
build up goodwill and further the cause of the Petro Yuan. This has already happened on a small scale as discussed earlier, where
countries which form a part of the MEFMI have agreed to increase their dealings in the Yuan. The upcoming IPO of Saudi Aramco is also likely to pla…
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6. JETIR1901962.pdf
7. JETIR1901962.pdf
8. JETIR1901962.pdf
9. JETIR1901962.pdf
10. JETIR1901962.pdf
What was the inflation rate in the 1970s related to the petrodollar?
fact-seeking
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JETIR1901962.pdf
However, the most prominent increase in the value of dollar was around the 1970’s, the birth year of the petrodollar. Along with
JETIR1901962 | Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 435 © 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-51…
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6. JETIR1901962.pdf
7. JETIR1901962.pdf
8. JETIR1901962.pdf
9. JETIR1901962.pdf
10. JETIR1901962.pdf
What is the Petro-Yuan and its impact on the petrodollar?
summary-style
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JETIR1901962.pdf
© 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
‘Petro- Yuan’: A Game Changer in the Petrodollar
World Order
Diksha Verma- Student, Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Pune, India
Aman Gala- Student, Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Pune, India
Abstract:
W…
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6. JETIR1901962.pdf
7. JETIR1901962.pdf
8. JETIR1901962.pdf
9. JETIR1901962.pdf
10. JETIR1901962.pdf
Is the petrodollar regime ending due to global energy market changes?
fact-seeking
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JETIR1901962.pdf
Fall of the Petrodollar
The extremely volatile global energy market has been pointing towards the de-facto end of the petrodollar regime. United States
monopoly over the international trade of oil is slowly coming to end due to the growing opposition from several nations such as
Russia and Saudi Ar…
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6. JETIR1901962.pdf
7. JETIR1901962.pdf
8. JETIR1901962.pdf
9. JETIR1901962.pdf
10. JETIR1901962.pdf
What role does CNOOC play in China's oil industry?
summary-style
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Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
Others like CNOOC, by contrast, were
founded in order to develop China’s capabilities in specific areas of the oil
industry, such as holding exclusive responsibility and juridical powers over
state cooperation with foreign enterprises.
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2. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
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1. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf ✓
2. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
3. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
4. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
5. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
6. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
7. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
8. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
9. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
10. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
What is China's refining capacity compared to the US?
summary-style
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Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
China has the second largest refining capacity in the world and is responsible
for 16.2 percent of the world’s refinery throughput, just after the U.S., which
accounts for 20 percent. One of the reasons China has increased oil imports and refining capacity is to
sell to other nations, particularly i…
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1. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf ✓
2. JETIR1901962.pdf
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1. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf ✓
2. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
3. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
4. JETIR1901962.pdf
5. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
6. JETIR1901962.pdf
7. JETIR1901962.pdf
8. JETIR1901962.pdf
9. JETIR1901962.pdf
10. JETIR1901962.pdf
Why is China storing oil despite dwindling storage space?
conceptual
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Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
“They’re storing up because
it’s really cheap right now, and they know they need it, and they know that
they can use it,” Wald said. “It’s not like it’s going to go bad.”
China snapped up oil at bargain prices in the first part of this year, as demand
fell globally due to the Covid-19 crisis, and t…
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1. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf ✓
2. JETIR1901962.pdf
3. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
4. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
5. iaip2023.pdf
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1. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf ✓
2. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
3. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
4. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
5. JETIR1901962.pdf
6. JETIR1901962.pdf
7. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
8. JETIR1901962.pdf
9. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
10. iaip2023.pdf
How did China become the world's largest oil importer?
fact-seeking
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Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
Where Does China Get Its Oil? Today, China is the world’s largest importer of oil
and second largest refiner of oil. By Hannah Reale, Emma Bingham, and Kara Greenberg — July 12, 2020
{
|
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aN Be
1
la
2H | ae >
6 i> i
Oil well in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province. Credit: John Hill, Cr…
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1. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf ✓
2. JETIR1901962.pdf
3. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
4. iaip2023.pdf
5. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
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1. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf ✓
2. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
3. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
4. JETIR1901962.pdf
5. JETIR1901962.pdf
6. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
7. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
8. iaip2023.pdf
9. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
10. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
What are the effects of delayed military assistance on Ukraine's frontline?
summary-style
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CBP-9723.pdf
He called for a “united approach across the whole frontline and a
new vision for the war, mobilization and recruitment”. General Zaluzhny was
replaced by Colonel General Oleksandr Syrsky. Zaluzhny has since been
appointed as Ambassador to the UK. Russian tactical gains in eastern Ukraine
Delays in …
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2. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
3. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
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2. CBP-9723.pdf
3. CBP-9723.pdf
4. CBP-9723.pdf
5. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
6. CBP-9723.pdf
7. CBP-9723.pdf
8. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
9. CBP-9723.pdf
10. CBP-9723.pdf
What did Zelenskyy say about Ukraine's military objectives?
summary-style
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CBP-9723.pdf
President Zelenskyy said that Ukraine was not looking to occupy territory, but
to create a buffer zone between Ukraine and Russian forces and the hope was
for the offensive to pressure President Putin into peace negotiations.*°
Since Ukraine launched its offensive in Kursk, Russia’s own military of…
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1. CBP-9723.pdf ✓
2. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
3. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
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2. CBP-9723.pdf
3. CBP-9723.pdf
4. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
5. CBP-9723.pdf
6. CBP-9723.pdf
7. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
8. CBP-9723.pdf
9. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
10. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
Russian military expenditure growth 2024
fact-seeking
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CBP-9723.pdf
In its annual assessment of global military capabilities, the International
Institute for Strategic Studies said in February 2025 that total Russian military
expenditure had grown by 41.9% in real terms between 2023 and 2024 to
US$145.9 billion, representing 6.7% of GDP. Identifiable defence spendin…
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1. CBP-9723.pdf ✓
2. iaicom2476.pdf
3. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
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2. CBP-9723.pdf
3. iaicom2476.pdf
4. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
5. CBP-9723.pdf
6. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
7. CBP-9723.pdf
8. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
9. CBP-9723.pdf
10. CBP-9723.pdf
How did the Soviet Union's dissolution affect China's international position?
fact-seeking
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AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
The dissolution of the Soviet Union resulted in the transformation of the world from bipolar to
unipolar in 1991. A series of events at the global level in a few years since 1989 had significant
repercussions worldwide and deeply affected China's international position. The Sino-West
rapprochement, …
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1. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf ✓
2. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. CLM39MS.pdf
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1. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf ✓
2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
5. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
6. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
7. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
8. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
9. CLM39MS.pdf
10. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
Overview of China-Iran relations and impact on Central Asia
direct
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AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
Asya Arastirmalari Dergisi / Say1: 1 / Cilt: 6 / ISSN: 2667-6419
Celik, Yavuz. (2022). “An Overview of China-Iran Relations and Its Impact on Central Asia”. Asya
Arastirmalari Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 6 (1), 103-114. Arastirma Makalesi
AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPAC…
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1. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf ✓
2. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
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2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
5. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
6. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
7. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
8. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
9. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
10. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
How did Iran undermine regional stability according to the 2022 National Defense Strategy?
fact-seeking
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10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
In the 2022
National Defense Strategy of the U.S., it was reiterated that Iran undermined regional
stability since it supported terrorist groups and military proxies including al-Qaeda and ISIS
(U.S. Department of Defense, 2022, p. 5). It was even alleged that Iran’s reliance on its non-
state clien…
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1. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf ✓
2. 52.pdf
3. 2903-1454495626.pdf
4. 483908131.pdf
5. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 52.pdf
4. 52.pdf
5. 52.pdf
6. 2903-1454495626.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. 52.pdf
9. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
10. 52.pdf
Trump's maximum pressure strategy on Israel-Palestine conflict
direct
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10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
encouragement of Arab countries to
make peace with Israel and its downplaying approach toward the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
were considered as part of Trump’s maximum pressure strategy (Tang & Pan, 2022, p. 192). On the other hand, the U.S. could not form an anti-Iran coalition with its European …
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2. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
3. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
4. iaip2023.pdf
5. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
6. IF12452.6.pdf
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
4. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
5. iaip2023.pdf
6. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
7. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
8. IF12452.6.pdf
9. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
What is the Deal of the Century proposed by Jared Kushner?
summary-style
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Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
Jared Kushner, Trump's adviser on the Arab-Israeli
dossier, put forward a plan to replace the principle of
“land for peace” with that of “peace to prosperity” in
the pretentiously named Deal of the Century, which
ended without much fanfare. In this formula, the
most the Palestinians could hope for w…
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1. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf ✓
2. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. 4-3-37-133.pdf
5. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
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1. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf ✓
2. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
3. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
4. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
5. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
6. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
7. 4-3-37-133.pdf
8. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
9. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
10. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
Israel Saudi Arabia rapprochement Palestinian statehood negotiations
keyword
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Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
According to sources familiar with these ne-
gotiations, this plan would also “tie rapprochement
between Israel and Saudi Arabia to substantial [and
irreversible] steps toward Palestinian statehood,”
(Mackinnon and Gramer, 2024). In any case, it seems clear that the chances of suc-
cess of this medi…
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1. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf ✓
2. special-publication-230723.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
4. 4-3-37-133.pdf
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2. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
3. special-publication-230723.pdf
4. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
6. 483908131.pdf
7. 4-3-37-133.pdf
8. 4-3-37-133.pdf
9. 4-3-37-133.pdf
10. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
Will the Abraham Accords survive the war on Gaza?
fact-seeking
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Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
rael at the current juncture, due to the internal and
regional costs it would have to assume, since it can-
not ignore the opinion of its subjects. With regard to the validity of the Abraham Accords,
it should be stressed that none of the Arab countries
that endorsed them have, at least for the time…
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2. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
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2. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
3. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
4. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
5. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
6. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
7. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
8. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
9. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
10. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
What motivations led to the October 7 attack?
summary-style
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Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
This document stresses that the attack should be
seen first and foremost as a reaction to “Israeli Ju-
daization plans to the blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque,” “the
practices of the extremist and right-wing Israeli gov-
ernment which is practically taking steps towards an-
nexing the entire West Bank and Jer…
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2. 52.pdf
3. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
4. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
6. f_0032538_26463.pdf
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2. 52.pdf
3. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
4. 52.pdf
5. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
6. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. f_0032538_26463.pdf
10. f_0032538_26463.pdf
How is Iran responding to recent Israeli attacks?
fact-seeking
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52.pdf
Iran, through its proxies, seeks to discourage Israeli and US attacks on its territory by constantly
threatening their interests, as well as to enhance its role in regional crises. Faced with the realities
following October 7, 2023, and infliction of devastating damage by Israel on Iran's proxies su…
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
4. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
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3. 52.pdf
4. 52.pdf
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6. 52.pdf
7. 52.pdf
8. 52.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
How has Iran strengthened its regional influence?
fact-seeking
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52.pdf
Iran has strengthened its regional influence by using
asymmetric measures, including partnerships with Syria, Hezbollah in Lebanon, and Shia militias
in Iraq and Yemen. Iran's "Axis of Resistance" network employs hybrid methods to counter
enemies' traditional military capabilities, allowing it to pr…
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1. 52.pdf ✓
2. 26.pdf
3. 4-3-37-133.pdf
4. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
6. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
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2. 52.pdf
3. 26.pdf
4. 52.pdf
5. 52.pdf
6. 4-3-37-133.pdf
7. 52.pdf
8. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
What happened to Iran's relations post-Islamic Revolution?
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52.pdf
These cordial ties, however, between the two
states ended with the Islamic Revolution in Iran, led by Ayatollah Khomeini. This marked the end
of the Pahlavism monarchy and the establishment of the Islamic Republic. (Ali et al., 2025) With
the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty, the rejection of monarc…
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1. 52.pdf ✓
2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
4. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
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6. 52.pdf
7. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
8. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
9. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
Iran's pro-Western policy and relations with Israel in the 1960s
fact-seeking
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52.pdf
(Maher, 2020)
The Iranian shah kept its pro-Western foreign policy and relations with Israel intact, but they were
kept under wraps in a calculated move that provided a unique meaning for the phrase "world
realpolitik." (Rezaei and Cohen, 2014). e Theme 2: Ideological and Strategic Difference
During…
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3. 483908131.pdf
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4. 52.pdf
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6. 52.pdf
7. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
8. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
9. 52.pdf
10. 52.pdf
Chinese investment in Iran analysis 2013-2023
fact-seeking
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2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
Moreover, if they cannot circumvent the sanctions imposed on Iran, Chinese investors may be
hamstrung. Along with the sanctions, Iran's non-participation in the FATF (Financial Action Task Force) is another
challenge that will overshadow potential investments. Despite Iran’s high expectations of Chi…
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1. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf ✓
2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. iaip2023.pdf
5. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
4. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
5. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
6. iaip2023.pdf
7. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
8. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
9. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
10. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
China-Iran economic security partnership 2021 news
direct
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2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
3 Lucille Greer, Washinton Post, “China-lran: A New Economic Security Partnership”, 2021, httos://www.washingtonpost. com/politics/2021/04/01/china-iran-announced-new-economic-security-partnership-thats-not-alarming-it-sounds/, (accessed Mar 10, 2024)
4 Lubna Ali, Central European Management Journal…
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2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
3. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
4. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
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1. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf ✓
2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
3. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
4. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
5. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
6. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
7. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
8. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
9. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
10. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
China's humanitarian initiatives in the UAE
direct
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2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
China
has also been collaborating in strengthening local cyber strategies with the UAE. Finally, China has advanced its soft power projection in the region with several humanitarian initiatives, recognizing
that soft power is essential for its status as a great power. Such initiatives include medica…
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1. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf ✓
2. iaip2023.pdf
3. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
4. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
5. CLM39MS.pdf
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2. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
3. iaip2023.pdf
4. iaip2023.pdf
5. iaip2023.pdf
6. iaip2023.pdf
7. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
8. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
9. iaip2023.pdf
10. CLM39MS.pdf
How does Biden's approach to Turkey differ from Trump's?
fact-seeking
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the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
Biden, in contrast, is likely to try to accommo-
date part of their concerns during diplomatic
3 19 AIFEL
'STANBUL
POLITICAL RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
engagement with Iran. Putting this aside,
Biden is likely to pursue a more anti-Russian
policy in the region. Having said that, this
does not mean the US…
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1. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf ✓
2. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
3. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
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1. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf ✓
2. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
3. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
4. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
5. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
6. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
7. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
8. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
9. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
Trump's relationships with Middle Eastern leaders
fact-seeking
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the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
In other
words, not only has Trump had little regard
for rule of law or human rights in Middle East-
ern state’s domestic politics, he has also had
little respect and concern for the rules, norms
and institutions in the conduct of the intra-
regional politics. Likewise, in a region where power is wi…
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1. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf ✓
2. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
3. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
4. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
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1. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf ✓
2. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
3. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
4. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
5. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
6. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
7. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
8. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
How does China view the Syrian conflict's impact on terrorism?
fact-seeking
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DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
Chinese officials stress that m
solutions cannot solve the conflict, but can only
urther destabilise the country and exacerbate the
humanitarian crisis. Fighting terrorism
Beijing fears that the Syrian conflict will serve to
urther inspire and globalize domestic terrorist groups. n recent years,…
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1. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf ✓
2. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
3. CLM39MS.pdf
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1. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf ✓
2. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
3. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
4. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
5. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
6. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
7. CLM39MS.pdf
8. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
9. CLM39MS.pdf
10. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
China's military involvement in Syria chemical weapon removal
direct
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DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
The
Chinese navy participated in the UN mandated
emoval of chemical weapons from Syria in early 2014
but at the same time, China's largest arms manufac-
urer has been accused of selling chlorine gas to the
Syrian government. itary involvement to the same degree as the United
States or Russia is stil…
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2. CLM39MS.pdf
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3. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
4. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
5. CLM39MS.pdf
6. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
7. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
8. CLM39MS.pdf
9. CLM39MS.pdf
10. CLM39MS.pdf
Who are the Senior Analysts at EUISS?
fact-seeking
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Florence Gaub and Nicu Popescu are Senior
Analysts at the EUISS. September 2013
QN-AL-13-028-2A-N | ISSN 2315-1129
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
4. iaip2023.pdf
5. 52.pdf
6. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
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5. 52.pdf
6. iaip2023.pdf
7. iaip2023.pdf
8. iaip2023.pdf
9. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
10. 52.pdf
G20 summit discussions on Syria and military action
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Russia and Syria - The odd couple
by Florence Gaub and Nicu Popescu
As the world awaits a possible military strike - led
by the US - on Syria, the leaders of the G20 are
gathering for their annual summit in St Petersburg. This time round, the issue of war is likely to over-
shadow discussions on t…
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2. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
3. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
4. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
5. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
6. CLM39MS.pdf
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3. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
4. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
5. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
6. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
7. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
8. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
9. CLM39MS.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
What is the historical relationship between Russia and Syria?
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Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
Although driven by
all of these concerns to varying degrees, Russian
support for Syria is mainly rooted in the historical
relationship of the two countries and in respective
domestic political developments of the last few dec-
ades. Consequently, appeals to either humanitarian
sympathies or naked in…
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3. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
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4. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
5. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
6. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
7. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
8. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
9. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
10. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
Zhang Xinyi articles on Middle East turmoil and Libya intervention
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°7 See Zhang Xinyi, “Turmoil in Middle East not result of oppressive autocracy,” People’s Daily, March
24, 2011, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90780/9 1343/7330452.html; Zhang Xinyi, “Libya
intervention: Driven by oil or humanitarianism?” People’s Daily, March 23, 2011,
http://english.peop…
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What is the responsibility to protect norm discussed in 2005?
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For some Western analysts, such
developments contribute to the creation of so-called post-Westphalian norms, which
emphasize “the right (and indeed the obligation) of the international community to
infringe on the autonomy of the nation-state to protect or advance other considerations.”
The most not…
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how does hypermasculinity influence Putin and Trump?
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Sarah Ashwin and Jennifer Utrata Contexts draft feature, 13 May 2019
“Revenge of the Lost Men: From Putin’s Russia to Trump’s America”
A major legacy of the Soviet Union is the overburdening of Russian women and demoralization
of men. Putin uses hypermasculinity to appeal to these men. Is Trump ste…
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Masculinity Restored? Putin’s Russia and Trump’s America article
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THE LONDON SCHOOL
oF ECONOMICS AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Ashwin, Sarah & Utrata, Jennifer (2020) Masculinity Restored?: Putin’s Russia and
Trump’s America. Contexts, 19(2). https ://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/101146/
Version: Accepted Version
This document is the author’s accepted version of …
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How did Pussy Riot influence feminism and politics?
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For example, Pussy Riot was
successfully “othered” and marginalized, and even Russia’s feminist movement was divided
about them. Trump’s victory shows that feminism has not fully inoculated American society
against the appeal of patriarchal populism. After all, many of his sexist and racist campaign…
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Why was the annexation of Crimea welcomed in Russia?
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Played out with a tough guy demeanor, the
annexation of Crimea from Ukraine in 2014 — which was mainly greeted with euphoria in Russia
— was an act of national “restoration” with geopolitical implications. At the other end of the
spectrum, a show that rivals “Keeping Up with the Kardashians” but wit…
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2. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
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5. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
6. CBP-9723.pdf
7. CBP-9723.pdf
8. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
9. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
10. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
how to reform religious education in Muslim-majority countries
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Curricular Reform: It is essential to revise religious education curricula in Muslim-majority countries to
remove content that incites sectarian hatred or reinforces negative stereotypes. Educational reforms should
promote dialogue, coexistence, and tolerance. 3. Research and Monitoring Centers: Est…
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4. 483908131.pdf
5. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
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7. 483908131.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
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10. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
Catherine R. Antosh analysis of Shia communities and sectarian tensions
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The
analysis indicates that the path toward reform and greater representation for Shia communities is fraught with
obstacles, particularly in the face of escalating sectarian tensions. Catherine R. Antosh's article presents a nuanced examination of the complexities surrounding sectarian violence in
…
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Who is Ma’an al-Jarba and his connection to Iran?
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Conversely, Iran cultivated figures such as Saudi-born Ma’an al-
Jarba, founder of the "Karama Movement" in Lebanon, whose Sunni Shafi'i-Ash'ari heritage resonated strategically
with Iranian interests due to his ideological alignment with the so-called resistance axis. Iran's declared policy of expo…
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Saudi Arabia Iran relationship historical analysis
keyword
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In the article, provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical and contemporary dynamics between Saudi Arabia
and Iran, two pivotal players in the Middle East whose sectarian identities significantly influence their political
interactions and regional alliances. The article meticulously outline…
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2. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
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5. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
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7. 4-3-37-133.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
What does the term 'Dollars' mean in the context of Ukraine's economy?
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Bessent
Ukraine — Minister of Economy of Secretary of the Treasury
Ukraine Appendix A: Definitions
“Dollars” means the lawful currency of the United States of America. “Effective Date” means either the date on which this Agreement enters into force
or the date on which the LP Agreement becomes effe…
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3. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
4. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
5. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
6. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
7. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
8. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
9. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
10. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
What are the contributions outlined in the LP Agreement?
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The location of the bank accounts of the Partnership will be as determined in
the LP Agreement. Article VI: Contributions to the Partnership
Each Party plans to make contributions to the Partnership in accordance with
the terms of the LP Agreement. In exchange for the initial issuance of partnershi…
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8. 68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
9. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
10. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
China Iran joint military exercises significance 2000-2023
keyword
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These acquisitions suggest that the strategic
military relationship between Beijing and Tehran is increasing. Joint Military Exercises
These
exercises represent one of the main dimensions of military
cooperation between China and Iran, allowing the two partners to develop
their military know-how …
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5. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
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8. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
9. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
10. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
US military support to Israel during the Suez Crisis
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During the Suez Crisis in 1956 the US tried to have a balanced policy towards
Egypt not to alienate itself in the eyes of the Arabs. In 1966 however it began to
increase military support to Israel. The US aimed to help Israel to defeat Egypt and
Syria militarily because they were seen as the threat …
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What was the Eisenhower Doctrine and its significance?
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For more
info, please see Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy, New York, etc. (Touchstone-Simon & Schuster, 1995, 90 Cilt/Volume XI Sayi/Number 1 Nisan/April 2018 Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi/Journal of Social Sciences
The US stopped the action of the UK and France to prevent the Soviet
involvement to the region…
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Shi‘i areas in the former Ottoman Empire
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Tellingly, many of the Shi‘i areas of the former Ottoman Empire were found in
geographically isolated territories or in border regions, which allowed them to resist homogenizing imperial trends. Thus, today, Arab Shi‘is are found in the mountainous terrains of northern Yemen and southern Lebanon as …
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impact of the 2003 invasion of Iraq on Sunni-Shi'i relations
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THE GEOPOLITICS OF SUNNI-SHI‘I RELATIONS TODAY
The current wave of sectarian tensions in the Middle East was inaugurated by the American-led invasion of Iraq in
2003. Saddam Hussein was a Sunni Arab, but Iraq was then, and remains today, a majority Shi‘i state. Geographically, Iraq links several of…
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contact information for FPRI in Philadelphia
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FPRI, 1528 Walnut Street, Suite 610, Philadelphia, PA 19102-3684
For more information, contact Eli Gilman at 215-732-3774, ext. 255, email fpri@fpri.org, or visit us at www.fpri.org.
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2. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
3. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
4. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
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5. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
6. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
7. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
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What are the differences between Sunnis and Shi‘is?
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Accordingly,
this brief essay will attempt to answer the who, what, and where of Sunni-Shi‘i relations and attempt to address the
extent to which any of this matters for the geopolitics of the Middle East today. WHO ARE SUNNIS AND SHI‘IS? Sunnism and Shi‘ism are the two most important sects in Islam…
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history of Sunni and Shi'i populations in the Middle East
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The locations of Sunnis and Shi‘is have shifted dramatically over time. The medieval Fatimid Empire, for example,
was based in Egypt, which today has almost no Shi‘is. Iranians were mostly Sunni until the arrival of the Safavid
Empire in 1501, which encouraged their conversion to Shi‘ism. The Shi‘is…
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What might influence future Middle Eastern geopolitics?
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f_0032538_26463.pdf
No one knows for sure when, or how it will end. It could last for years, or
only a few more months. Nevertheless, one day it will end. The question observers of the Middle East need to ask is
what will happen next. Are the scars of the conflict too deep to heal? In that case, sectarianism could shap…
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2. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
3. iaip2023.pdf
4. 52.pdf
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5. iaip2023.pdf
6. iaip2023.pdf
7. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
8. iaip2023.pdf
9. 52.pdf
10. iaip2023.pdf
Trump's view on foreign relations with Russia
fact-seeking
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Hopmann-en.pdf
He demonstrates a “black and white” view of foreign relations, in
which other states are either “friends” or “enemies.” He is incapable of dis-
tinguishing between common interests shared by the US and Russia on issues
such as arms control and environmental policy and issues about which serious
diff…
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2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
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4. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
5. Hopmann-en.pdf
6. Hopmann-en.pdf
7. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
8. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
9. Hopmann-en.pdf
10. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
How has Russia responded to the OSCE in Ukraine?
fact-seeking
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Hopmann-en.pdf
Similarly, although Russia has not prevented the OSCE Special Monitor-
ing Mission to Ukraine from operating in the country, it has shown little sup-
port for the role of the OSCE, including the effort to enforce the cease-fire
provisions of the Minsk Agreements and to move towards a resolution of t…
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2. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
3. CBP-9723.pdf
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6. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
7. Hopmann-en.pdf
8. CBP-9723.pdf
9. CBP-9723.pdf
10. Hopmann-en.pdf
Israel's current stance on Palestinian political discussions
fact-seeking
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special-publication-230723.pdf
The current Israeli
government sees no reason to start political discussions with the Palestinians to
promote the two-state framework. In fact, it appears to support the option of
bypassing the Palestinian issue and promoting normalization between Israel and
its neighbors, including Saudi Arabia, wi…
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6. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
7. 4-3-37-133.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
10. 4-3-37-133.pdf
Israel Saudi Arabia normalization relations July 2023
keyword
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special-publication-230723.pdf
INSS
Special
Publication
The Road to Normalization: Relations
between Israel and Saudi Arabia
Yoel Guzansky | July 23, 2023
The possible normalization of Israel-Saudi relations is once again making
headlines, following emerging signs of readiness in the United States to
promote this matter. Prog…
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3. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
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3. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
4. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
5. special-publication-230723.pdf
6. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
7. special-publication-230723.pdf
8. special-publication-230723.pdf
9. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
10. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
Trump's comments on Iran joining the Abraham Accords
direct
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Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
As a candidate, Trump mused that
Iran could be incorporated into the Abraham Accords,
though that remains highly unlikely. The Trump
administration has also floated ideas about further
expanding the accords to South and Southeast Asia;
8
and it contends that other Muslim-majority former
Soviet rep…
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3. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
4. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
5. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
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4. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
5. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
6. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
7. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
8. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
9. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
10. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
UAE Saudi Arabia Bahrain ambassadors withdrew from Qatar
direct
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15208_pdf.pdf
In 2014, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain withdrew their ambassadors in protest at new
Qatari emir Tamim bin Hamad AI Thani’s status -quo challenging foreign policy approach. In
response to this, Qatar did make some concessions, such as evicting a few members of the
Muslim Brotherhood from Doha an…
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6. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
7. 15208_pdf.pdf
8. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
9. 15208_pdf.pdf
10. 15208_pdf.pdf
What efforts has Saudi Arabia made since 1981?
summary-style
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Since
1981, Saudi Arabia has been making many efforts in
that direction for certain reasons and factors. See Hossein Sadeghi and Hassan Ahmadian. Iran-Saudi
Relations: Past Pattern, Future Outlook. Iranian Review
of Foreign Affairs. 2011;1(4):115-48.
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2. 483908131.pdf
3. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
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6. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
7. 4-3-37-133.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. 4-3-37-133.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
Saudi Arabia foreign policy on Iran and Syria
direct
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4-3-37-133.pdf
Saudi Arabia’s
Foreign Policy on Iran and the Proxy War in Syria:
Toward a New Chapter?, Israel Journal of Foreign
Affairs. 2014;8(3):25-34. Vivian Nereim. Saudi Prince Says Israel Is a Potential
Ally, Not an Enemy. (Online), Available: 2022. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-
03/saudi…
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2. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
3. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
4. 26.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
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2. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
3. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
4. 4-3-37-133.pdf
5. 26.pdf
6. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
Kuwait's stance on the Palestinian cause and political parties
summary-style
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Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
It has a dynamic and plural
parliament and associations, but is limited by the lack of political parties, which
are prohibited. The Palestinian question has been a key issue in the emirate ever
since Yasser Arafat founded his Fatah party there in 1964; and a Palestinian
community estimated at 450,00…
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1. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf ✓
2. 4-3-37-133.pdf
3. 15208_pdf.pdf
4. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
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2. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
3. 4-3-37-133.pdf
4. 15208_pdf.pdf
5. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
6. 483908131.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
10. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
What triggered the division in the GCC since June 2017?
fact-seeking
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Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
The GCC has been lastingly divided since 5 June 2017, when
the crisis that now pits four of its member states against each other was
triggered.*
lran’s growing influence is viewed as the most pressing threat by Israel and a
number of GCC members, including the UAE, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. This ha…
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2. 15208_pdf.pdf
3. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
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2. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
3. 15208_pdf.pdf
4. 15208_pdf.pdf
5. 15208_pdf.pdf
6. 15208_pdf.pdf
7. 15208_pdf.pdf
8. 15208_pdf.pdf
9. 15208_pdf.pdf
10. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
China-Africa oil relations and new perspectives
direct
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china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
China, Oil and Africa: A New Perspective
CYRIL OBI
Russia in Africa: A Search for Continuity in
a Post-Cold War Era
MAXIM MATUSEVICH
Trade of China and India with Africa after
the 2008 Financial Crisis
WIOLETTA NOWAK * Social Science
Research
Council (SSRC),
U.S. Insight Turkey
Vol. 21/No.1/
201…
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4. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
5. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
6. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
7. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
8. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
9. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
10. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
impact of Chinese state owned enterprises on the energy market
fact-seeking
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JETIR1901962.pdf
This can have a very significant impact on the world energy market, as China
has a sizeable public sector, with around 51000 state owned enterprises, 51% of which deal in electricity and gas, transportation,
telecoms and other utilities, according to a study conducted by OECD Steel Committee in Sept…
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2. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
3. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
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2. JETIR1901962.pdf
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4. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
5. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
6. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
7. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
8. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
9. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
10. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
financial competencies for making decisions about crypto-assets
direct
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19cfecad-en.pdf
These competence frameworks promote a shared understanding of the financial competencies adults need
to make sound decisions when it comes to crypto-assets, and should inform the design of public policies,
financial literacy programmes and educational materials. Table 1. Financial literacy competen…
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effects of financial literacy on cryptocurrency investments
fact-seeking
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19cfecad-en.pdf
Zhangxin (2023), “The fear of missing out on cryptocurrency _‘[21]
and stock investments: Direct and indirect effects of financial literacy and risk tolerance”,
Journal of Financial Literacy and Wellbeing, Vol. 1, pp. 103-137,
https://doi.org/10.1017/flw.2023.6. Hayashi, F. and A. Routh (2024), “Fin…
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10. 19cfecad-en.pdf
China surpassed the U.S. in oil imports in 2017
fact-seeking
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Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
But they have grown considerably
since then: What the country imported in 1999 is just 11 percent of what the
country takes in today. In 2017, China even surpassed the U.S. to become the
world’s leading importer. Last year, China imported 11.8 million barrels per
day, outpacing the United States, wh…
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1. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf ✓
2. JETIR1901962.pdf
3. iaip2023.pdf
4. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
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1. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf ✓
2. JETIR1901962.pdf
3. iaip2023.pdf
4. JETIR1901962.pdf
5. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
6. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
7. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
8. JETIR1901962.pdf
9. JETIR1901962.pdf
10. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
Trump and Putin meeting details August 2025
direct
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Talks in August 2025
In August 2025, President Trump and President Putin met in Alaska to discuss
the reset of US-Russian relations but also the potential resolution of the
Ukraine conflict. It marked the first time that the two leaders have met in
person to discuss Ukraine. That summit meeting was…
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2. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
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3. CBP-9723.pdf
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5. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
6. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
7. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
8. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
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10. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
overview of the Ukraine conflict August 2095
direct
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sity House of Commons
Ee Library
Research Briefing
99 August 2095 Ukraine conflict: An overview
Number 9723
By Claire Mills
1 A special military operation 2
2 Key points in the conflict 3
2.1 Russian annexation of territory 3
2.2 Ukraine’s counteroffensives in 2022 and 2023 4
2.3. Ukrainian suc…
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7. CBP-9723.pdf
8. CBP-9723.pdf
9. CBP-9723.pdf
10. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
impact of US policies on Syria and Lebanon economies
fact-seeking
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us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
The US policies triggered economic crises in both Syria and Lebanon. Further, sanctions hinder
finding alternative sources of funding needed to rebuild the country. Neither the Gulf states nor
Russian companies can openly invest in Syria. A lack of investments will drastically slow down
the reconst…
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2. iaip2023.pdf
3. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
4. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
5. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
6. 4-3-37-133.pdf
7. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
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2. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
3. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
4. iaip2023.pdf
5. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
6. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
7. iaip2023.pdf
8. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
9. 4-3-37-133.pdf
10. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
what is Russia's stance on the Syrian army under Biden
conceptual
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us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
Sergey Chvarkov: Rossiya za pyat' let vosstanovila boyegotovnost' armii Sirii [Sergei Chvarkov: Russia has
restored combat readiness of the Syrian army in five years], https://ria .ru/20200930/siriya-1577948800 html Russian policy makers do not expect the new Biden administration to pursue a signifi…
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2. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
3. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
4. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
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2. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
3. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
4. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
5. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
6. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
7. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
8. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
9. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
10. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
What does Russia think about Syria's future in 2021?
summary-style
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us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
The future for Syria in 2021 looks bleak from the Russian perspective. Though the conflict entered
a low-intensity phase of armed confrontations that characterised 2020 will likely continue in 2021. The temporary negotiated solution for north-western Syria reached in March 2020 is likely to hold
but…
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1. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf ✓
2. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
3. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
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2. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
3. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
4. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
5. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
6. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
7. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
8. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
9. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
What is the Geneva Centre for Security Policy?
summary-style
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us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
Geneva Centre for
Security Policy
tia GCSP
Syria Transition Challenges Project
Discussion Paper (32)
US-Russia interactions in Syria and the future of the conflict in 2021
Nikolay Surkov, IMEMO The Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP)
The Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP) is an inte…
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1. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf ✓
2. Hopmann-en.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
5. iaip2023.pdf
6. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
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1. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf ✓
2. Hopmann-en.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
5. iaip2023.pdf
6. iaip2023.pdf
7. iaip2023.pdf
8. iaip2023.pdf
9. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
10. iaip2023.pdf
How does Iran's support for Shia groups affect Syria?
fact-seeking
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us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
From the Russian
perspective Iran’s support for Shia groups, even in Sunni territories, is expected to continue and
even increase, a move which will certainly enhance the division and religious strife between the
Alawites and the Sunnis. Iran’s role goes beyond supporting Shia groups, however. As t…
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2. 26.pdf
3. f_0032538_26463.pdf
4. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
5. 4-3-37-133.pdf
6. 52.pdf
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2. 26.pdf
3. f_0032538_26463.pdf
4. 26.pdf
5. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
6. f_0032538_26463.pdf
7. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
8. f_0032538_26463.pdf
9. 4-3-37-133.pdf
10. 52.pdf
China's $400 billion investment in Iran over two decades
direct
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AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
sanctions and signed mentioned cooperation agreements to strengthen their
long-standing alliance, mainly economic and political. As mentioned, China has pledged to invest 400
billion dollars in Iran over more than two decades in a deal that could see China’s economic influence
(Tiezzi, 2021). The BR…
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1. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf ✓
2. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
3. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
4. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
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1. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf ✓
2. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
3. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
4. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
5. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
6. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
7. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
8. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
9. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
10. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
What is the significance of Central Asia in China-Iran relations?
summary-style
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AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
Political and Geo-Strategical Significance of Central Asia in The Context of China-Iran
Relations
According to some indicators, Central Asia has been a critical place where major players connect,
collaborate, and compete. China, Russia, the United States, Europe, and NATO are stakeholders. In
addit…
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1. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf ✓
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1. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf ✓
2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
5. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
6. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
7. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
8. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
9. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
10. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
Iran's uranium enrichment history from 2003 to 2005
fact-seeking
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10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
In fact, Iran voluntarily ceased enriching uranium between 2003 and 2005; however, the
Bush administration adopted a maximalist stance by refusing Iran’s right to uranium
enrichment under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of NuclearWeapons (NPT) (Mousavian
& Toossi, 2017, p. 70). Moreover, in Augu…
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2. 483908131.pdf
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
4. 483908131.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
6. 483908131.pdf
7. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
8. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
How has the US withdrawal from Afghanistan affected Iran's security concerns?
fact-seeking
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10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
Furthermore, the withdrawal of American forces from Afghanistan has fueled Iran’s fear that
Kirklareli Universitesi iktisadi ve idari Bilimler Fakiiltesi Dergisi
ISSN: 2146-3417 | E-ISSN: 2587-2052 Cilt 12, Say: 02, Eylul 2023
286 287
KAYA; United States-Iran Relations: The Trump Impact, 275-295.…
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2. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
3. 52.pdf
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
4. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
5. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
6. 52.pdf
7. 52.pdf
8. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
9. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
Saudi Arabia's response to Israel's actions after Gaza offensive
summary-style
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Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
After the launch of the military
offensive against the Gaza Strip, Saudi officials were
forced to adopt a much more critical stance towards
Israel and its systematic violations of international hu-
manitarian law. In an attempt to regain the initiative, Ri-
yadh convened a joint summit of the Arab L…
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1. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf ✓
2. 483908131.pdf
3. 4-3-37-133.pdf
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2. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
3. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
4. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
6. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. 4-3-37-133.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 4-3-37-133.pdf
Iran's proxy wars in the Middle East
keyword
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52.pdf
(Hamzawy, 2025)
The Islamic Republic's regional proxies—the foundation of its regional doctrine, which was largely
established following the 2003 US invasion of Iraq and Saddam Hussein's demise—are either
militarily or politically depleted. (Hamzawy, 2025) Iran has a history of starting proxy wars …
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5. 52.pdf
6. 52.pdf
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9. 52.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
How does China aim to dominate Asia?
fact-seeking
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2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
China is
aware that it cannot dominate the world at once; instead, it is aiming to achieve dominance over Asia primarily,
with the strong partnership with Iran serving as a part of its increasing equities in the Middle East. Strengthened Iran-China relations may have tangible effects on the geopolit…
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1. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf ✓
2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
3. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
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1. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf ✓
2. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
5. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
6. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
7. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
8. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
9. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
10. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
China's military support to Iran during the Iran-Iraq War
fact-seeking
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2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
Given that trade between the EU and Iran has decreased, there appears to be few alternatives but to forge closer
links with China and Russia. However, due to opposing opinions in the country, it does not seem likely that Iran will
fall completely under China's orbit, at least in the near future. Sec…
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1. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf ✓
2. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
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1. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf ✓
2. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
5. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
6. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
7. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
8. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
9. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
10. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
Galip Dalay Richard von Weizsacker Fellow biography
fact-seeking
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the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
https:/Avww.iiss.org/blogs/survival-blog/2020/03/iran-united-states-maximum-pressure
Brookings Institution Doha Centre
Galip Dalay is Richard von Weizsacker Fellow at Robert Bosch Academy and non-resident fellow at
The views stated in this paper belong to the author and need not agree, partly or …
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2. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
3. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
4. f_0032538_26463.pdf
5. 2903-1454495626.pdf
6. 52.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
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2. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
3. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
4. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
5. f_0032538_26463.pdf
6. 2903-1454495626.pdf
7. 52.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
How will Biden's Middle East policy differ from Trump's?
fact-seeking
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the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
Arguably, the strategic value of the Mid-
dle East is decreasing for the US and a Biden
presidency will not change this basic fact. Unlike Trump, the Biden administration is set
to bring three things into its Middle East policy
that will bear consequences. These are pre-
dictability, diplomacy and t…
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2. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
3. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
4. 483908131.pdf
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1. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf ✓
2. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
3. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
4. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
5. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
6. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
7. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
8. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
What did Israel's Defense Minister say about the Houthis' attacks?
summary-style
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No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
These incidents demonstrate a clear
transformation, showcasing the expanded reach of the Houthis and the impact of
their recent attacks compared to their earlier beginnings. But along with the Houthis’
celebration of each successful attack, anticipated retaliation and an ongoing state
of war contrib…
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1. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf ✓
2. IF12581.17.pdf
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2. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
3. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
4. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
5. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
6. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
7. IF12581.17.pdf
8. IF12581.17.pdf
9. IF12581.17.pdf
10. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
Israeli navy first used in Houthi conflict June 2025
direct
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No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
The Israeli navy, a less costly alternative
to air power, was first utilized in the conflict on June 10, 2025. No End in Sight: An Uncertain Future for the Houthi-lsraeli Conflict
The most significant shift in Israeli targeting patterns, however, was the move from
striking infrastructure to carryin…
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1. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf ✓
2. IF12581.17.pdf
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2. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
3. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
4. IF12581.17.pdf
5. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
6. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
7. IF12581.17.pdf
8. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
9. IF12581.17.pdf
10. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
How are the Houthis supporting Iran against Israel?
fact-seeking
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No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
A Laboratory for Regional Power Plays
Beyond the Gaza war, other factors have influenced the confrontation. During the
outbreak of the 12-day war between Iran and Israel, from June 13 to 25, the Houthis
shifted their narrative. They became more actively involved in supporting the
Iranian effort thr…
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1. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf ✓
2. 483908131.pdf
3. 4-3-37-133.pdf
4. 52.pdf
5. IF12581.17.pdf
6. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
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1. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf ✓
2. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
4. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
5. 4-3-37-133.pdf
6. 483908131.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. 52.pdf
9. IF12581.17.pdf
10. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
Houthi attacks on Israel and maritime shipping developments
summary-style
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No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
Their early focus was on the southern port of Eilat, the closest point to
Yemen, and the majority of their attacks were intercepted before reaching Israeli
territory. Houthi operations gradually escalated through five distinct phases, during which
they developed methods to target both Israel and int…
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2. IF12581.17.pdf
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1. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf ✓
2. IF12581.17.pdf
3. IF12581.17.pdf
4. IF12581.17.pdf
5. IF12581.17.pdf
6. IF12581.17.pdf
7. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
8. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
9. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
10. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
Salah Director General Supreme National Authority for Combating Corruption
direct
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No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
Prior to joining the Center, Salah was the Director
General of the Monitoring and Technical Inspection Unit at the Supreme National
Authority for Combating Corruption. He is active in public and civil society life in
Yemen and has been engaged in local conflict mediations that have led to the releas…
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2. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
3. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
4. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
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1. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf ✓
2. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
3. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
4. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
5. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
6. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
7. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
Beijing's response to terrorist attack from Syria
direct
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DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
But Beijing's response to a terrorist attack at home
emanating from Syria will likely be a further tightening
of security conditions in China and enhanced counter-
errorism cooperation with partner governments in
he Middle East. In Syria, Beijing will continue to play a
ow-key role in trying to pu…
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2. CLM39MS.pdf
3. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
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1. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf ✓
2. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
3. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
4. CLM39MS.pdf
5. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
6. CLM39MS.pdf
7. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
8. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
9. CLM39MS.pdf
10. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
How do Russia and Syria view the impact of Arab revolutions?
summary-style
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Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
They are also firmly of the belief that the revolutions
in Ukraine and Egypt, and the overthrow of Qaddafi
in Libya only led to a weakening of those respec-
tive states. Recent events in Egypt — where many of
the anti-Mubarak protesters ended up siding with
the generals against the Muslim Brotherhoo…
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2. iaicom2476.pdf
3. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
4. CLM39MS.pdf
5. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
6. f_0032538_26463.pdf
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2. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
3. iaicom2476.pdf
4. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
5. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
6. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
7. CLM39MS.pdf
8. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
9. f_0032538_26463.pdf
10. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
UAE and Bahrain's stance on Israeli-Saudi normalization
direct
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Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
THE POSITIONS OF THE UAE AND BAHRAIN ON ISRAELI-—
SAUDI NORMALIZATION: PARTNERSHIP AND COMPETITION
ILAN ZALAYET AND YOEL GUZANSKY*
As signatories to the Abraham Accords, the United Arab Emirates and the
Kingdom of Bahrain are expected to support an Israeli-Saudi normalization
agreement, which does…
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2. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
3. 4-3-37-133.pdf
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2. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
3. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
4. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
5. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
6. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
7. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
8. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
9. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
10. 4-3-37-133.pdf
How does Iran's revolution challenge Saudi Arabia?
fact-seeking
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483908131.pdf
Arabia and Iran, and a shared perception that one country gains influence at the expense of
the other. !45
The destabilizing posture of Iran’s exportation of its revolution as a progressive
model of liberation challenges Saudi Arabia’s monarchical and religious establishment,
and amplifies existin…
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2. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
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7. 483908131.pdf
8. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
Bahrain's economic strength compared to Saudi Arabia and UAE
fact-seeking
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Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
The Bahraini government does not
possess the same economic strength as its counterparts in Saudi Arabia, the
United Arab Emirates, and Qatar, and unlike them, it does not enjoy broad
public support—particularly from the Shiite majority population, which is
alienated from the Sunni royal family. Bahr…
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1. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf ✓
2. 15208_pdf.pdf
3. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
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2. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
3. 15208_pdf.pdf
4. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
5. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
6. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
7. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
8. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
9. 15208_pdf.pdf
10. 15208_pdf.pdf
Bahrain public opinion on normalization with Israel 2022
fact-seeking
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Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
THE POSITIONS OF THE UAE AND BAHRAIN ON ISRAELI-SAUDI NORMALIZATION / ILAN ZALAYET AND YOEL GUZANSKY
in U.S. Middle East policy. Manama’s only request, also expressed in a state-
affiliated newspaper article, is that the United States assist it in addressing
internal threats and not prevent Bahrain…
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2. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
3. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
4. special-publication-230723.pdf
5. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
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2. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
3. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
4. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
5. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
6. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
7. special-publication-230723.pdf
8. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
9. special-publication-230723.pdf
10. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
Was the video filmed in Bahrain and Iranian infiltration likely?
fact-seeking
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Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
However, it
appears that the video was not filmed in Bahrain, and it is unlikely that there
is any armed group or effective Iranian infiltration in the country capable of
disrupting Saudi normalization efforts with Israel. 53
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3. 26.pdf
4. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
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3. 483908131.pdf
4. 483908131.pdf
5. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
6. 483908131.pdf
7. 26.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
UAE security concerns regarding Iran and proxies
fact-seeking
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Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
oversight—as was the case with the construction of its first four reactors, butis
now opening the door to potential participation by Chinese and Russian firms. Above all, the UAE is likely to be preoccupied with the response of Iran
and its proxies to Israeli-Saudi normalization, particularly if it …
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1. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf ✓
2. 52.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
4. 4-3-37-133.pdf
5. 15208_pdf.pdf
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2. 52.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
4. 483908131.pdf
5. 4-3-37-133.pdf
6. 15208_pdf.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. 15208_pdf.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 52.pdf
Iranian-Saudi Agreement by Banafsheh Keynoush
direct
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iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
i]
wo
GbuLowwl @auljsg GLa uy sll jspall
Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies
| 23 March 2023
lranian-Saudi Agreement
Banafsheh Keynoush lranian-Saudi Agreement
Series: Case Analysis
23 March 2023
Banafsheh Keynoush
The Iranian Studies Unit
Banafsheh Keynoush
Fellow at the Internationa…
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2. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
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6. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
7. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
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10. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
Iran Saudi relations optimism Hossein Shariatmadari
keyword
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iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
(Why should we be optimistic about Iran-Saudi agreement)”. 24 “Hossein shari'atmadari: Shoma chera matam gerefteh-ed?! Negarani Israel az ehya-ye ravabet-e Tehran va Riyaz/ Navid tahavolate mosbat baraye
mantageh (Hossein Shariatmadari: Why are you [Israel] mourning?!/ Israel’s concern about the rev…
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3. 483908131.pdf
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6. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
7. 4-3-37-133.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
What countries have implemented regulatory sandboxes for blockchain and fintech?
fact-seeking
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Summary-Crypto-and-DA-Regulation-GSMI-2.0.pdf
The government
then extended its regulatory sandbox to include blockchain and crypto
companies. The E.U. launched
products and servi
the introduction o
Organizations and
intelligence, and In
The Financial Tech
for startups, which
February 2020, at
Singapore created
There are a series
South K…
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3. Summary-Crypto-and-DA-Regulation-GSMI-2.0.pdf
4. Summary-Crypto-and-DA-Regulation-GSMI-2.0.pdf
5. Summary-Crypto-and-DA-Regulation-GSMI-2.0.pdf
6. Summary-Crypto-and-DA-Regulation-GSMI-2.0.pdf
7. Summary-Crypto-and-DA-Regulation-GSMI-2.0.pdf
8. Summary-Crypto-and-DA-Regulation-GSMI-2.0.pdf
9. Summary-Crypto-and-DA-Regulation-GSMI-2.0.pdf
10. Summary-Crypto-and-DA-Regulation-GSMI-2.0.pdf
China-Africa oil relations perspectives and debates
summary-style
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china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
Framing China-Africa Oil
Relations
Most studies of relations between
China and Africa have been framed
in terms of inter-state, or coun-
try-continent relations focusing on
historical, political, socio-economic,
and cultural aspects. However, some
international development analysts
approach relatio…
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4. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
5. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
6. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
7. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
8. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
9. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
10. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
overview of Ukraine conflict and peace talks
summary-style
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CBP-9723.pdf
Ukraine conflict: An overview
The background to those talks is examined in the following Commons Library
briefings:
e kraine and Russia: A shift in US policy April 2025
e Developments in Ukraine peace talks (April to June 2025), June 2025
1 Useful sources / suggested reading
e House of Commons …
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2. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
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5. CBP-9723.pdf
6. CBP-9723.pdf
7. CBP-9723.pdf
8. CBP-9723.pdf
9. CBP-9723.pdf
10. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
What is the significance of the Russian-Syrian partnership?
summary-style
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Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
The base was one of the sym-
bols of continued diplomatic and military ties that,
although not central to either country, continued to
fuel their low-cost diplomatic partnership - as dem-
onstrated by Syria’s support for Russia’s military in-
tervention in Georgia in 2008 for example. However, with …
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2. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
3. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
4. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
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3. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
4. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
5. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
6. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
7. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
8. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
9. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
10. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
Iran's intentions for regional security explained by Amir-Abdollahian
summary-style
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iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
The agreement's stated commitment to non-interference on issues pertaining to state sovereignty
need not clash with Iranian support for its axis of resistance if interpreted in a manner that
accommodates Tehran's security perceptions.”° According to Amir-Abdollahian, this stated language
of the deal…
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6. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
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8. 2903-1454495626.pdf
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impact of the fall of Bashar al-Assad on Russia
conceptual
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iaicom2476.pdf
Nona Mikhelidze is a Senior Fellow at the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI). © 2024 IAI
ISSN 2532-6570
IAI COMMENTARIES 24 | 76 - DECEMBER 2024
The Fall of Bashar al-Assad’s Regime: A Strategic Blow to Russia
fate of my Palmyra is in your hands.”
The following year, Vladimir Putin
visited Dam…
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2. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
3. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
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3. iaicom2476.pdf
4. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
5. iaicom2476.pdf
6. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
7. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
8. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
9. iaicom2476.pdf
10. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
What sectors does Ras Bufontas special economic zone cover?
summary-style
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5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
ac Ras Bufontas special economic zone
q adjacent to Hamad International Airport, covers the following sectors: healthcare
nN 4 & medical devices, aircraft and automobile industries, advanced technology,
So] logistics, and business services. se D . Abo
_ Al Karaana Economic Zone
Honowe zones sowrav…
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2. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
3. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
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1. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
2. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf ✓
3. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
4. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
5. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
6. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
7. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
8. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
9. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
10. 9781847659149_preview.pdf
European Union Court of Justice Western Sahara
keyword
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iaicom2476.pdf
The
European Union Court of Justice and the Western Sahara
24|67 Alessandro Marrone, Trump, Ukraine and NATO: Two
Crossroads for Europe
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2. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
3. CLM39MS.pdf
4. 4-3-37-133.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
6. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
7. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
8. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
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3. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
4. CLM39MS.pdf
5. 4-3-37-133.pdf
6. 483908131.pdf
7. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
10. 5c80a2e9a8bd4b3a990c0306_MEC_Investment Booklet_EN.pdf
Russia's military involvement in Syria September 2015
direct
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Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
Each of these issues shifted rapidly with Russia’s September 2015 decision to become
directly and militarily involved in the Syrian crisis. Before officially engaging, however,
Russia forged ahead with a serious military pile up in the country, seeking to strengthen
its foothold in Syria by sending …
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2. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
3. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
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2. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf ✓
3. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
4. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
5. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
6. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
7. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
8. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
9. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
Saudi Arabia accusations against UAE regarding Yemen conflict
direct
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IF12581.17.pdf
Saudi Arabia
accused the United Arab Emirates of providing military
support to the STC, and remaining UAE forces left Yemen. Yemen’s underlying conflict is unresolved. The Houthis
pose enduring threats to shipping and to U.S. partners. Background and Key Stakeholders
Long-running Yemeni disputes ove…
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2. 15208_pdf.pdf
3. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
4. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
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1. IF12581.17.pdf
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3. 15208_pdf.pdf
4. 15208_pdf.pdf
5. 15208_pdf.pdf
6. 15208_pdf.pdf
7. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
8. 15208_pdf.pdf
9. 15208_pdf.pdf
10. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
how has Russia's intervention in Syria changed its foreign policy?
fact-seeking
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Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
The path that the transition process follows will thus largely determine the tendencies of
Turkish foreign policy in the months to come, despite parallel efforts to open channels of
dialogue with the Kurds in the region over the last six-year period, and continued talks
with different groups on the…
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2. iaicom2476.pdf
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2. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf ✓
3. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
4. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
5. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
6. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
7. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
8. iaicom2476.pdf
9. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
Houthis control in northern Yemen and U.S. military actions
summary-style
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IF12581.17.pdf
The Houthis continue to consolidate control
in the north having demonstrated their capacity to threaten
international shipping, Israel, and other regional states. The Trump Administration has taken military action against
the Houthis and redesignated the group as a Foreign
Terrorist Organization (FT…
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1. IF12581.17.pdf ✓
2. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
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6. IF12581.17.pdf
7. IF12581.17.pdf
8. IF12581.17.pdf
9. IF12581.17.pdf
10. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
How has US foreign policy changed towards Iran and Turkey?
fact-seeking
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Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
The change of course in US foreign
policy entails detachment from idealistic democracy-building experiments, limitation to
subsidizing alliances, and adoption of a more antagonistic stance towards Iran, which,
as a by-product, seems to have strengthened bonds in the Sunni Muslim camp including
Turke…
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1. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf ✓
2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
3. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
4. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
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1. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
2. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf ✓
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
5. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
6. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
7. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
8. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
9. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
Crypto and financial literacy of cryptoasset owners vs non-owners
direct
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19cfecad-en.pdf
(2023), “Crypto and financial literacy of cryptoasset owners versus non- [18]
owners: The role of gender differences”, Journal of Financial Literacy and Wellbeing,
Vol. 1/3, pp. 514-540, https://doi.org/10.1017/FLW.2024.2. Chui, E. and G. Lau (2023), “Behavioural Science Study on Investor Behaviour…
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importance of digital financial literacy for using crypto-assets
conceptual
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19cfecad-en.pdf
es 29 Ps S88
Fes ‘s SSIS ce SESS SP SSSR SS SS SAME
ES © Ws S we WWE SH BBS
PS ss <> Q Ss LO
4s oR on
RS wd
Ye
Note: These results should be interpreted with caution, as they are based on a small number of observations. The results for Jordan, Mexico
and Saudi Arabia should be interpreted with caut…
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Italy's CONSOB initiative for crypto-assets education
direct
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19cfecad-en.pdf
In Italy, the Italian Companies and Exchange Commission (CONSOB) developed a financial literacy
initiative on crypto-assets The moment is cri(p)tic, part of CONSOB’s edutainment programme mixing
theatre play and education. In Portugal, the central bank published several videos on its YouTube channe…
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9. 19cfecad-en.pdf
10. 19cfecad-en.pdf
How do regional powers react to China's Belt and Road Initiative?
fact-seeking
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AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
It will also be examined
how regional powers, such as Russia’s Eurasian Economic Union, have reacted to this program (EEV). Central Asia's political significance for China is undeniable, both in international relations and the
BRI. The rivalry between Russia, China, the United States, Iran, India, a…
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1. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf ✓
2. iaip2023.pdf
3. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
4. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
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1. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf ✓
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
4. iaip2023.pdf
5. iaip2023.pdf
6. iaip2023.pdf
7. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
8. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
9. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
10. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
What role did Riyadh play in the al-Ula summit?
summary-style
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15208_pdf.pdf
Hence, Riyadh
was the main agent of the al-Ula summit that culminated in lifting up the Qatari blockade
(Cafiero, 2022). 6. Impact of External Forces in the Gulf Region
The Red Sea, Arabian Peninsula, and Persian Gulf region’s strategic primacy echoes out loud,
as external powers have always found…
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1. 15208_pdf.pdf ✓
2. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
3. 4-3-37-133.pdf
4. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
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2. 15208_pdf.pdf ✓
3. 15208_pdf.pdf
4. 15208_pdf.pdf
5. 15208_pdf.pdf
6. 15208_pdf.pdf
7. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
8. 4-3-37-133.pdf
9. 4-3-37-133.pdf
10. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
Ahmet Kasim Han El Bab’da Son Durum Ne?
direct
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Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
Ahmet Kasim Han, Teke Tek “El Bab’da Son Durum Ne?” (Habertiirk: Istanbul,
2017), 21:00; available from http://www.haberturk.tv/programlar/video/teke-tek-14-subat-
1bolum/233724. 7 Al Jazeera News, “Iran and Turkey Trade Barbs Over Syria and Iraq,” February 21, 2017
(accessed February 26, 2017); ava…
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1. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf ✓
2. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
3. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
4. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
5. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
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1. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf
2. Energy Geopolitics in the Middle East After the Opec Summit[#340299]-344817.pdf ✓
3. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
4. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
5. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
6. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
7. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
8. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
9. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
What factors characterize hybrid wars?
summary-style
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The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
a drop
in the values of shares of the listed companies);
¢ civilians are the main victims;
¢ unfavourable media propaganda appears that is supposed to worsen the image
of a certain country on the international level;
¢ illegal and harmful activity in cyberspace;
« these are very often wars of in…
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2. 52.pdf
3. 483908131.pdf
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3. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
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5. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
6. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
7. 52.pdf
8. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
9. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
What are the implications of China-Iran relations for the US?
summary-style
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2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
CSAG Strategy Paper 20 May 2024
Prospects and Complexities of China-Iran Relations, Implications for
the US, and Regional & Global Repercussions
MAJ Ibrahim ELVEREN, TUR ARMY (CSAG/CCJ5)
The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of a number of international officers within the Combi…
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1. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf ✓
2. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
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2. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf ✓
3. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
4. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
5. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
6. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
7. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
8. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
9. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
10. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
Trump's 2019 military expenditures request of $716 billion
direct
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Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
Second, the very length of the listing and its all-inclusive character made many
observers believe that the administration once again wants to put a brake on the sanctions. 18 Greg Jaffe and Damian Paletta, “Trump Plans to Ask for $716 Billion for National Defense in Mili-
tary Expenditures in 2019 …
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2. Hopmann-en.pdf
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2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf ✓
3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
5. Hopmann-en.pdf
6. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
7. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
8. Hopmann-en.pdf
9. Hopmann-en.pdf
10. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
How has Russian intervention changed Turkey's policies on Syria?
fact-seeking
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Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
Such channels
would also stem any decline of bilateral cooperation in the economic sphere between the
two countries as well. Secondly, Russian intervention has created a new reality on the
ground, and this forces Turkey to revise its policies on the Syrian conflict. Russia’s engagement in the Syria…
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3. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
4. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
5. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
6. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
7. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
8. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
9. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
How did the UAE and Saudi Arabia differ in Yemen?
fact-seeking
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15208_pdf.pdf
For instance, in Yemen, this partnership dramatically transformed into a
competitive quest for influence as the UAE attacked Yemeni governmental forces to back its
southern separatist allies. Starting on similar lines, the two sides opted for diverging policies,
priorities, and approaches within the…
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1. 15208_pdf.pdf ✓
2. IF12581.17.pdf
3. 26.pdf
4. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
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1. 15208_pdf.pdf
2. 15208_pdf.pdf ✓
3. 15208_pdf.pdf
4. 15208_pdf.pdf
5. 15208_pdf.pdf
6. IF12581.17.pdf
7. 26.pdf
8. IF12581.17.pdf
9. 15208_pdf.pdf
10. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
India American pressure secondary tariffs cooperation with Russia
keyword
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ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
Recently, India has become the target of American pressure in the form of secondary tariffs, intended to
force the country to limit its cooperation with Russia. The meeting between President Trump and President Zelensky accompanied by European leaders. Following the
summit in Alaska, the presidents …
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2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
4. JETIR1901962.pdf
5. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
6. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
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3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
5. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
6. JETIR1901962.pdf
7. JETIR1901962.pdf
8. 68ef7f15cbc21MiddlePowersMultipolarWorldTheEvolvingRoleGulfStatesGlobalRegionalOrder2.pdf
9. JETIR1901962.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
Saudi FM: No normalization with Israel until two-state solution
direct
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4-3-37-133.pdf
Ben Samuels, No Normalization With Israel Until Two-
state Solution Reached, Saudi FM Says, Haaretz, 2022. https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/2022-07-
accessed
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. ~179 ~
http://www.allstudyjournal.com
16/ty-article/ premium/no-normal…
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2. 483908131.pdf
3. special-publication-230723.pdf
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6. special-publication-230723.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. special-publication-230723.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 4-3-37-133.pdf
Dmitry Medvedev remarks on Russia's negotiation efforts
direct
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ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
The main outcome of the summit, as indicated by Dmitry Medvedev, was a decision to continue further
negotiation efforts towards an agreement’ (for further details on Russia's earlier demands, see ‘IES Commentary’
No. 1351). However, given the role of the former Russian President in strategic communi…
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2. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
3. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
4. CLM39MS.pdf
5. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
6. Hopmann-en.pdf
7. CBP-9723.pdf
8. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
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3. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
4. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
5. CLM39MS.pdf
6. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
7. Hopmann-en.pdf
8. CBP-9723.pdf
9. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
10. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
China's stance during the Libyan crisis
direct
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CLM39MS.pdf
“Explanatory Remarks by Ambassador Wang Min after General Assembly Vote on Draft Resolution on
Syria,” Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the UN, August 3, 2012,
http://www.china-un.org/eng/hyyfy/t958262.htm. and other similar cites. 8 Beijing had originally taken a similar stanc…
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3. CLM39MS.pdf
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5. CLM39MS.pdf
6. CLM39MS.pdf
7. CLM39MS.pdf
8. CLM39MS.pdf
9. CLM39MS.pdf
10. CLM39MS.pdf
Trump Ukraine NATO crossroads for Europe
direct
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iaicom2476.pdf
Managing
Expectations on the New Pact and External Deals
24|70 Giulia Daga, NATO's Dilemma in the MENA Region: A Critical
Reflection
24|69 Polina Sinovets, US-Germany Missile Agreement: Deterrence or
Escalation? 24|68 Federico Petrangeli, International Law versus Realpolitik? The
European Union Co…
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2. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
3. CBP-9723.pdf
4. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
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2. iaicom2476.pdf ✓
3. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
4. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
5. CBP-9723.pdf
6. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
7. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
8. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
9. ies-commentaries-1415-155-2025.pdf
10. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
books about Russia and international conflict management
keyword
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10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
However, this
book will attract the attention of readers interested in Russia, geopolitics, international conflict
management, and conflict resolution. 109
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2. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
3. iaicom2476.pdf
4. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
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1. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
2. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf ✓
3. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
4. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
5. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
6. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
7. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
8. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
9. iaicom2476.pdf
10. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
What is Khamenei's concept of a resistance economy?
summary-style
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IF12452.6.pdf
Iran’s leaders seek to mitigate the impact of sanctions
through the development of what Supreme Leader Ali
Khamenei has termed a “resistance economy.” Khamenei
has stated that Iran must reduce its dependence on external
actors and “build the economy from within.” Some in Iran
support reducing Iran’s…
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1. IF12452.6.pdf ✓
2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
4. 483908131.pdf
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1. IF12452.6.pdf
2. IF12452.6.pdf ✓
3. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
4. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
5. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
6. 483908131.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
what drives Russian power politics according to the author
fact-seeking
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10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
The author analyzes three key variables to understand what drives Russian power politics:
attribution, willingness, and capability. He examines the identity factor regarding attribution,
the opportunity factor regarding willingness, and the cost factor regarding capability. The
author examines two h…
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2. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
4. Hopmann-en.pdf
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1. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
2. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf ✓
3. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
4. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
5. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
6. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
7. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
8. The-new-dimension-of-war.pdf
9. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
10. Hopmann-en.pdf
China in the Middle East by Scobell and Nadar
direct
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3_v25_2_24.pdf
Scobell, A. & Nadar, A. (2016). China in the Middle East. The Wary
Dragon. RAND Corporation. SIPRI (2022). Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2021. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. . Reuters (2019). The South Pars Gas Field partnership leaves China
National Petroleum. United …
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2. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
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3. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
4. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
5. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
6. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
7. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
8. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
9. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
10. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
What are the UAE's views on the Abraham Accords?
fact-seeking
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Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
THE POSITIONS OF THE UAE AND BAHRAIN ON ISRAELI-SAUDI NORMALIZATION / ILAN ZALAYET AND YOEL GUZANSKY
in his country’s view, the Abraham Accords are not limited to the UAE and
Israel, but are a platform that should reshape the region “so that everyone
enjoys security, stability, and prosperity.”
Th…
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2. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
3. 4-3-37-133.pdf
4. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
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2. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf ✓
3. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
4. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
5. 4-3-37-133.pdf
6. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
7. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
8. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
9. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
10. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
Troyjo's defense of the Democratic candidate on gun control
direct
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200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
Mocking Trump’s eccentric proposals, Troyjo defended the Democratic
candidate in relation to the dramas of American domestic politics. It would bring,
for example, “a denser message on gun control”, since “easy access to guns in the
United States is the common element found in all mass shootings”. C…
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2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. Hopmann-en.pdf
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5. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
6. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
7. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
8. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
9. Hopmann-en.pdf
10. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
Cyril Obi African Oil in China India security
direct
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china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
Cyril Obi, “African Oil in the Security Calcula-
tions of China in India,’ in Fantu Cheru and Cyril
Obi (eds.), The Rise of China and India in Africa:
Challenges, Opportunities and Critical Interven-
tions, (London: Zed Books, 2010). 12. Lucy Corkin, “Forum: African Agency in the
Context of China in…
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9. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
10. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
how does oil influence China-Africa relations?
conceptual
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china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
CHINA, OIL, AND AFRICA: A NEW PERSPECTIVE
In seeking to explain how oil features
in China-Africa relations, and how it
impacts the continent’s development,
it is important to interrogate existing
information about the operations of
Chinese SOCs in different African
oil-producing countries. It is im…
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8. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
9. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
10. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
How has Nigeria been China's largest oil provider?
fact-seeking
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china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
Nigeria
has been China's
largest oil
provider for the
last decade. PARKER SONG /
Getty Images
tration of the so-called African oil
curse.!! The foregoing provides the context
for the framing of the China-Oil-Af-
rica nexus in relation to an East-West
scramble for Africa's oil. Some com-
mentators h…
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2. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
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6. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
7. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
8. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
9. Where Does China Get Its Oil_ - The Wire China.pdf
10. china-oil-and-africa-a-new-perspective-21jki13l17.pdf
gas injection and drilling an observation well in the Marjan-Fereydoon reservoir
direct
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volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
Should our two Governments mutually agree that gas injection and/or
drilling an observation well is technically beneficial and advisable for the
Marjan-Fereydoon reservoir, our two Governments shall agree on the
location, the conducting of drilling the wells and their operations in the
Prohibited Ar…
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
3. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
4. 2903-1454495626.pdf
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1. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
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3. volume-696-I-9976-English.pdf
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5. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
6. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
7. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
8. 2903-1454495626.pdf
9. iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
10. 2903-1454495626.pdf
What role did the U.S. play in Iran during Mohammad Reza Shah's rule?
summary-style
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10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
While Mohammad
Reza Shah, who ruled Iran between 1942 and 1979, was in need of American assistance
against the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the Second World War, Iran and Israel were both
in opposition to the pan-Arabism movement that emerged after the new Arab states gained
independence. This r…
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1. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf ✓
2. 52.pdf
3. IF12452.6.pdf
4. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
5. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
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2. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf ✓
3. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
4. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
5. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
6. 52.pdf
7. IF12452.6.pdf
8. 52.pdf
9. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
10. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
the white working class most pessimistic group in America
direct
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200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
Donald Trump’s voters and the decline of American
manufacturing. Issues in Science and Technology, v. 32, n. 4, 2016. BROWNSTEIN, R. The white working class: the most pessimistic group in
America. The Atlantic, 27 May 2011. Disponivel em: <https://www.theatlantic. com/politics/archive/2011/05/the-wh…
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7. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
8. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
9. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
10. 200904_rtm_A12_the_resistable.pdf
How did Bahrain open its airspace to Israel?
fact-seeking
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Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
Bahrain
opened its airspace to facilitate traffic between the
two countries, though actual tourism exchanges
were minimal, with only a few hundred Bahrainis
visiting Israel in the early years of normalization. In addition to trade and people-to-people ties, the
accords spurred the development of str…
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1. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf ✓
2. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
3. 4-3-37-133.pdf
4. special-publication-230723.pdf
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2. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf ✓
3. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
4. Abraham-Accords_Backgrounder_2025.pdf
5. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
6. 4-3-37-133.pdf
7. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
8. special-publication-230723.pdf
9. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
10. Arab_Reform_Initiative_en_the-gulf-states-and-israel-after-the-abraham-accords_14899.pdf
What role does the US play in Middle East politics?
fact-seeking
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the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
In the
end, despite the fact that in recent years the
region’s relations with international powers
are attaining a multipolar character with the
increasing prominence of Russia in regional
security and China in regional economics, the
US still remains the indispensable actor for
regional (in)securit…
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1. 483908131.pdf
2. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf ✓
3. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
4. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
5. iaip2023.pdf
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1. 483908131.pdf
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3. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
4. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
5. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
6. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
7. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
8. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
9. iaip2023.pdf
10. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
Iran's political influence in Syria and Hezbollah's role
fact-seeking
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01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
Mabon elucidates
the intricate nature of rivalry dynamics in these regions, suggesting enduring uncertainty for
both parties. Furthermore, Iran’s political foothold in Syria and its association with Hezbollah
in Lebanon are noted as pivotal factors. In Mohammad’s book, discourse analysis reveals
his…
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1. 26.pdf
2. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf ✓
3. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
4. 52.pdf
5. 4-3-37-133.pdf
6. f_0032538_26463.pdf
7. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
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1. 26.pdf
2. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf ✓
3. 01JJ1YFA29998EZ2P8KF9B1YF7.pdf
4. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
5. 52.pdf
6. 4-3-37-133.pdf
7. 52.pdf
8. f_0032538_26463.pdf
9. 26.pdf
10. 10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
What is Russia's long-term strategy for Syria?
summary-style
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us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
Russian endgame for Syria
In the long term, the Kremlin is not focused on the specific characteristics of a future political
system in Syria. Instead, Russia is focused on preserving the state and its institutions. However,
keeping Bashar al-Assad in power is not a sine qua non for the Kremlin, rat…
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1. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
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3. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
4. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
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2. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf ✓
3. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
4. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
5. Alert_Russia-Syria.pdf
6. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
7. Tab-1-Congressional-Report-006724-2025-Update-on-RUS-Support-for-Syria-and-Iran-HRC1251263.pdf
8. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
9. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
How are Saudi Arabia's relations with China affecting its ties with the US?
fact-seeking
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Target:
special-publication-230723.pdf
These demands are
significant challenges to Israel and pose questions about the price of
normalization with Saudi Arabia. Compounding the questions are the warmer relations between Riyadh and
Beijing, which are gradually extending far beyond the field of energy. Chinese
involvement in the Gulf troub…
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1. JETIR1901962.pdf
2. special-publication-230723.pdf ✓
3. 15208_pdf.pdf
4. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
6. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
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1. JETIR1901962.pdf
2. special-publication-230723.pdf ✓
3. 15208_pdf.pdf
4. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
5. 483908131.pdf
6. 483908131.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. Israeli-Saudi-Normalization-Visctim-7-october-Alvarez-Ossorio_IEMedYearbook2024.pdf
9. 3_v25_2_24.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
China's involvement in the Syrian conflict and UN Security Council vetoes
summary-style
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DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
Beijing has offered few concrete and novel ideas in solving the Syrian conflict and
provided relatively little support to stem the humanitarian crisis in the region. China holds up protracted instability in
the 201
NATO interven
ousting of the Gaddafi g
ion, and the su
overnment, as
exhibit in i…
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3. CLM39MS.pdf
4. CLM39MS.pdf
5. CLM39MS.pdf
6. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
7. CLM39MS.pdf
8. CLM39MS.pdf
9. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
10. CLM39MS.pdf
how does the Israel-Iran conflict illustrate proxy warfare?
conceptual
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52.pdf
(Live, 2025)
Research Design:
The current study under consideration adopts a qualitative research design, combining historical
analysis with an examination of the current elevated conflict situation between both countries. Data Collection Methods:
The study uses secondary data sources such as aca…
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7. 52.pdf
8. 52.pdf
9. 52.pdf
10. 52.pdf
China's stance on the Syria conflict and Assad regime
direct
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CLM39MS.pdf
In the Syria conflict, China has few such concerns, thus providing it with greater
freedom to cast vetoes that might alienate the Syrian opposition.** Moscow’s strong
stance against both censures and sanctions directed at the Assad regime, as well as any
form of foreign military intervention, arguab…
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1. CLM39MS.pdf ✓
2. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
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3. CLM39MS.pdf ✓
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6. CLM39MS.pdf
7. CLM39MS.pdf
8. CLM39MS.pdf
9. CLM39MS.pdf
10. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
Why does the US view Russia as a threat?
fact-seeking
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10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
In keeping with the first hypothesis, the author claims that
the US considers Russia a revisionist actor and a significant threat to its global order vision
due to Russia’s annexation of Crimea and its backing of separatists in eastern Ukraine. This
leads to reluctance to grant Russia higher status.…
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1. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf ✓
2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
4. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
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1. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
2. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
3. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf ✓
4. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
5. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
6. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
7. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
8. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
9. aslim-i-2018-april.pdf
10. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
China and Middle East security issues challenges perceptions positions
keyword
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iaip2023.pdf
Copyright © 2020 Foundation for European Progressive Studies
(FEPS) and Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI). © 2020 FEPS-IAI
ISSN 2610-9603 | ISBN 978-88-9368-143-8
IAI PAPERS 20 | 23 - AUGUST 2020
China and Middle East Security Issues: Challenges, Perceptions and Positions
1. The Middle East's…
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4. iaip2023.pdf
5. iaip2023.pdf
6. iaip2023.pdf
7. iaip2023.pdf
8. iaip2023.pdf
9. iaip2023.pdf
10. iaip2023.pdf
China and Middle East security challenges
direct
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iaip2023.pdf
© 2020 FEPS-IAI
ISSN 2610-9603 | ISBN 978-88-9368-143-8
IAI PAPERS 20 | 23 - AUGUST 2020
y 4 te Istituto Affari
ye Internazionali
China and Middle East Security Issues:
Challenges, Perceptions and Positions
by Jin Liangxiang
FOUNDATION FOR EUROPEAN
PROGRESSIVE STUDIES
FONDATION EUROPEENNE
D’E…
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How did Russia's intervention in Syria affect Turkey-Russia relations?
conceptual
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Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
This begins by arguing that the risk of military confrontation in the air
between Turkey and Russia necessitates the creation of new channels between the states
in order to avoid the risk of diplomatic and military escalation. Avoiding such escalation
would also ensure that bilateral cooperation in …
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7. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
8. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
9. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
10. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
constructive talks between Iran and Saudi Arabia March 2023
direct
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iranian-saudi-agreement.pdf
3 “Riyaz: Omidvarim goft-o-guhaye sazandeh ba Iran edameh yabad (Riyadh: We hope that constructive talks with Iran will continue),” Fars News, March
14, 2023, https://bit.ly/3JXMaeE. 4 “Amir-Abdollahian: Takeed bar solh dar mantageh az jomleh tavafogat Iran va Riyaz bode hast (Emphasis on regional p…
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How does the SCO compare to the EU and NATO?
fact-seeking
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AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
If
this is the case, the SCO has the potential to become a compelling international organization, rivaling
the European Union (E.U.) and NATO while potentially being as crucial as the G-20 and the BRICS. However, it is too early to predict the implications for the time being; however, according to c…
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1. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf ✓
2. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
3. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
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1. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
2. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
3. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf ✓
4. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
5. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
6. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
7. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
8. AN OVERVIEW OF CHINA-IRAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CENTRAL ASIA[#1050202]-2163937.pdf
9. 2024-0520_Prospects-and-Complexities-of-China-Iran-Relations.pdf
10. Donald Trump and the Evolving U.S.-Russia Relationship[#631498]-828000.pdf
Will the Petro Yuan replace the US dollar?
fact-seeking
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JETIR1901962.pdf
The Petro Yuan may still take a while to
replace the hegemony that the United States tediously built up for the past decades, but it will slowly and surely chip away at the
mighty dollar and we may soon a new world order, with the Chinese Yuan as the global reserve currency. References
Arab oil emb…
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10. JETIR1901962.pdf
What are the risks of Russia's military involvement in Syria?
fact-seeking
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Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
Still, Russia is taking a big risk by inserting itself into the mix of the ongoing war in Syria. This is an open test for the Russian Military. Any mistake on the ground, or in the air, will
10 RUSSIA’S SHIFTING STRATEGY IN SYRIA
call Russia’s capacity to deal with counterinsurgency and to conduct…
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2. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
3. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
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5. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
6. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
7. 10.33458-uidergisi.1602268-4470771.pdf
8. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
9. Russias_Shifting_Strategy_in_Syria_Implications_for_Turkish_Foreign_Policy.pdf
10. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
China's role in Syria's reconstruction amidst sanctions
conceptual
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Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
6 “Syria signs up to US-led coalition against ISIL’, Al Jazeera, 11 November 2025. 4 | policy brief 292 Recep T. Teke
Syria receives a direct shipment from China carrying steel and various equipment, Tartous Port, Syria, Oct. 26, 2025. (SANA)
from the slow pace of progress on domestic
stability an…
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2. CLM39MS.pdf
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5. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
6. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
7. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
8. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
9. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
10. CLM39MS.pdf
Biden administration MENA policies changes
direct
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the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
The Biden admin-
istration will have to factor these changes into
its MENA policies. 1. https:/Avww.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-551 28970
2. https:/Avwww.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-1 1-13/erdogan-promises-period-of-economic-and-legal-
reform-in-turkey
3. https:/Avww.state.gov/the-abraham…
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6. 483908131.pdf
7. 483908131.pdf
8. 483908131.pdf
9. the-middle-east-after-trump-a-reshuffling-of-the-cards--galip-dalay-1.pdf
10. 15208_pdf.pdf
Saudi Arabia's relationship with the United States and regional security
summary-style
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483908131.pdf
administration policy on Saudi.227 Even if the next
administration mends any potential bad blood between the United States and Saudi from the
Biden administration, an unpredictable and vacillating relationship with the United States is
not compatible with Saudi’s regional security objectives. 223 A…
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How did Saudi Arabia's support for Hamas change after 2005?
fact-seeking
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4-3-37-133.pdf
15 of the 19 9/11 hijackers were Saudi, which diverted
attention from the Palestinians to Saudi support of religious
extremism. Dr. Dore Gold, a Sharon advisor, wrote
‘Hatred's Kingdom: How Saudi Arabia Supports the New
Global Terrorism’, which showed that the Saudis pay
Hamas. Saudi assistance for …
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4. special-publication-230723.pdf
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8. special-publication-230723.pdf
9. 483908131.pdf
10. 483908131.pdf
What is the objective of the US-Ukraine Agreement?
summary-style
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68133ce8f2e82842702204.pdf
Article III: Objective of the Agreement
It is the objective of this Agreement and the policy of the Parties to further
economic cooperation between the Parties, which will be facilitated by the
_LP Agreement. This Agreement strengthens the strategic partnership between the Parties for
the long-term…
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5. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
6. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
7. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
8. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
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Why has the Middle East become a source of international terrorism?
fact-seeking
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iaip2023.pdf
39-55, https://doi.org/10.1142/S2377740017500014
Jin Liangxiang, “Why Has the Middle East Become the Sources of International
Terrorism” [in Chinese], in Arab World Studies, Vol. 9, No. 5 (September 2016), p. 65-
76, http://en.mideast.shisu.edu.cn/7c/bc/c5650a97468/page.psp
Sabahat Khan, “China Ba…
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10. 483908131.pdf
What is the impact of Saudi Arabia's rivalry with the UAE?
summary-style
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15208_pdf.pdf
However, forging strong economic ties with the US and being a major
importer of US weaponry, US-UAE ties remain on a strong footing (Dunne, 2023). Moreover,
Saudi Arabia’s reluctance to renounce its dominance is affecting the cohesion of the
organization, hindering integration between the organizati…
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2. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
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7. Ilan-Zalayet-and-Yoel-Guzansky.pdf
8. 15208_pdf.pdf
9. 15208_pdf.pdf
10. 15208_pdf.pdf
US military presence changes in northeastern Syria
direct
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changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
Changes in the US presence and objectives in Syria
Size
Increase
Ratio
Base
Known
Name
New
Runway
Size
Province
Increase
Defense
Improvements
Runway
Improvement HQ/OR
Oil/Gas
Shadadi
Base Yes
Hasakah_ | Yes 89%
- Yes Yes No
Rumelan
Base Hasakah
Yes 54% -
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Tall
Baydar…
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8. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
9. changes-in-the-us-presence-and-objectives-in-syria.pdf
10. us-russia-interactions-syria.pdf
China's position on military intervention in Syria
fact-seeking
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CLM39MS.pdf
See Qu Xing, “A Chinese Position On Syria Issue: The UN Charter and ‘the Responsibility to
Protect’ (R2P),” The 4" Media, July 21, 2012, http:/www.4thmedia.org/2012/07/2 1 /a-chinese-position-on-
syria-issue-the-un-charter-and-the-responsibility-to-protect-r2p; and Eva Bellin and Peter Krause,
“Inte…
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4. CLM39MS.pdf ✓
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6. CLM39MS.pdf
7. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
8. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
9. CLM39MS.pdf
10. CLM39MS.pdf
How is China responding to Syria's counterterrorism efforts?
fact-seeking
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Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
It also sent a sig-
nal to the international community, including
China, that the Syrian government intends
to take counterterrorism seriously and will
not allow foreign fighters to operate freely or
undermine international security. The cumu-
lative effect of these developments was that
Beijing fel…
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5. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
6. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
7. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
8. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
9. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
10. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
China's involvement in the Syrian conflict
fact-seeking
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DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
Beijing has offered few
concrete and novel ideas in solving the conflict and
provided relatively little support to stem the humani-
arian crisis in the region. Unlike Afghanistan, where
Beijing is worried about a growing security vacuum on
its western border, and devoting diplomatic attention
and…
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2. CLM39MS.pdf
3. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
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3. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
4. DIIS-China_the_Syrian_conflict_and_the_threat_of_terrorism_webversion.pdf
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6. CLM39MS.pdf
7. CLM39MS.pdf
8. CLM39MS.pdf
9. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
10. Caution-to-Engagement-Chinas-Shift-Toward-the-New-Syria.pdf
What happened in Yemen's conflict after 2020?
summary-style
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IF12581.17.pdf
Power-sharing agreements in 2020 and 2022 brought anti-
Houthi forces together under a coalition. An STC offensive
on ROYG-aligned forces in December 2025 and Saudi
military intervention resulted in the STC’s dissolution and
changes in the makeup of the ROYG’s eight-person
Presidential Leadership Co…
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8. IF12581.17.pdf
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What are the implications of the US-Ukraine Minerals Agreement?
summary-style
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2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
The Agreement also provides flexibility over future amendments,
but only if both sides agree in writing. 3 | MUCH MORE THAN MINERALS: THE US-UKRAINE MINERALS AGREEMENT AND ITS GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS
FROM POTENTIAL TO PROFIT
The Agreement is limited to new projects — existing mining operations a…
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5. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf ✓
6. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
7. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
8. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
9. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
10. 2025-06-FP-Mineral-deal-1.pdf
How is Israel responding to the Houthis' military expansion?
fact-seeking
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No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
Given
its hostile surroundings, with adversaries ready to exploit any perceived weakness,
Israel will be motivated to prevent other groups from repeating the Houthis’ massive
expansion of military capacity. Compounding this is a complex international dimension and significant new
American maneuvers …
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2. IF12581.17.pdf
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3. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
4. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
5. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf ✓
6. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
7. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
8. IF12581.17.pdf
9. IF12581.17.pdf
10. No_End_in_Sight_An_Uncertain_Future_for_the_Houthi_Israeli_Conflict_en.pdf
Trump's impact on US-Iran relations and the nuclear deal
fact-seeking
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10.53306-klujfeas.1329020-3271064.pdf
It is
Trump pushed the bilateral
icy legacy prevailed over
Keywords: The United States of America, Iran, foreign policy,
sanctions, nuclear deal. 1 Res. Asst. Dr., Trakya University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of International
Relations, emirhankaya@trakya.edu.tr,…
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Russia's relationship with Syria and support for Assad
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It is precise-
ly this recent history, however, that makes Russian
insistence on abiding by international law when
addressing the situation in Syria appear somewhat
hollow. Indeed, a level of affinity does exist between Moscow
and Damascus and the two governments do share
certain (geo)political inst…
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Israel's influence on US policy regarding Saudi Arabia
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commitment to refrain from annexation and will demand moves on the
ground that do not weaken the Palestinian Authority. The United States: Israel has an interest in stronger Riyadh-Washington
ties, partly because they have direct consequences for the Kingdom's
willingness to advance toward normaliza…
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China's involvement in the Syrian conflict 2012
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In 2012, for
example, Chinese flags were burnt in Arab capitals
after Beijing vetoed a U
Security Council resolution
calling for the removal of President Bashar al-Assad. Among the foreign powers active in Syria, Beijing is
regarded as the more passive partner to Rus
defending the Syrian govern…
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Dong Manyuan's views on Syria's sovereignty
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Xu Lin and Zhang Junmian,
http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-02/18/content_24667030.htm (Dong is vice director and research
fellow with China Institute of International Studies). Regarding the Libyan crisis, see “For peace in Libya,” Editorial, China Daily, March 29, 2011,
http://usa.chinadaily.co…
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What changes have occurred in Saudi-Israeli relations?
summary-style
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23 Rynhold and Yaari, “The Quiet Revolution in Saudi-Israeli Relations,” 3-4; Guzansky, “Saudi
Arabia and Normalization with Israel,” 2. 24 Guzansky, 4. 25 Guzansky, 2, 4. 26 Guzansky, 2. 27 Rynhold and Yaari, “The Quiet Revolution in Saudi-Israeli Relations,” 8. 28 Rynhold and Yaari, 4,6. of a secu…
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how do Saudis view the Israel-Hamas war?
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CLEVELAND, Catherine and POLLOCK, David, “New Poll
Sheds Light on Saudi Views of Israel-Hamas
War.” Fikra Forum, The Washington Institute,
21 December 2023: www.washingtoninstitute. org/policy-analysis/new-poll-sheds-light-saudi-
views-israel-hamas-war. Et Kurb, Dana, “Assessing the Abraham Accords,…
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how to improve digital financial literacy for crypto-asset users
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IMPROVING THE DIGITAL FINANCIAL LITERACY OF CRYPTO-ASSET USERS © OECD 2025 |7
References
Almeida, J. and T. Goncalves (2023), “A systematic literature review of investor behavior in [22]
the cryptocurrency markets”, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Vol. 37,
p. 100785, https://doi.or…
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Russia's support for multilateralism in nuclear policy
direct
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Russia would support this path if it ensures multilateralism in the nuclear sphere, and reduces US
presence in the Gulf region.” Additionally, this path could be better than an emerging anarchical
non-polar nuclear regime in which the Israeli and Iranian nuclear programs dominate the regional
order.…
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Iran Saudi Arabia agreement optimism
keyword
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19 “Chera bayad beh tawafog Iran va ‘Arabestan khosh-bin bud? (Why should we be optimistic about lran-Saudi agreement)”. 20 “Aya sarnevesht-e Anvar Sadat dar entezar-e ben Salman ast? (Is bin Salman’s fate similar to that of Anwar Sadat?),” /ranian Students’ News Agency,
November 29, 2022, https://b…
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challenges faced by non-Gulf Arab states
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The region’s inhabitants
have had to deal with unemployment, corruption, nepotism and
the absence of vision and competitive spirit. Upward mobility
10
Arab Spring.indd 10 28/06/2012 17:57
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impact of US sanctions on China-Iran relations
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42 Pakistan Vision (Vol. 25 No.2, December 2024)
Key Observations
. Energy Security. In infrastructure investments — such as the
development of a natural gas pipeline (Iranian section of the Iran-Pakistan
pipeline) and refineries (construction of a new refinery in Etella), among
others. . Port Sec…
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Iran and China relationship during sanctions
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25 No.2, December 2024)
Notes and References
China Customs (2023). Annual China Report on Imports of Crude
Oil.Organ of the United Nations (2020). Ancient Partners in a Post-
Imperial World. University of Washington Press. Cordesman, A.H. (2019). Arms transactions and defense budgets in
the Gulf. …
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The Fall of Bashar al-Assad’s Regime impact on Russia
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8 Vladimir Pastukhov and Dmitry Elovsky,
“Damascus Has Fallen, ‘Little Assad’ Remains. Syria:
Putin Lost” [in Russian], in Khodorkovsky Live, 8
December 2024, https://youtu.be/fokJZ2srxx8. © 2024 IAI
ISSN 2532-6570
IAI COMMENTARIES 24 | 76 - DECEMBER 2024
The Fall of Bashar al-Assad’s Regime: A S…
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