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Title: Shadows of Hybrid Conflict: Unraveling New Wars in Post-Soviet Ukraine
Description: Delve into the complex landscape of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, exploring the shift from traditional warfare to 'new wars' characterized by asymmetry, non-state actors, and blurred boundaries. Uncover the geopolitical chess game between Russia and Ukraine, where national identities, historical legacies, and economic ideologies collide amidst a backdrop of civilian suffering and media manipulation.
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THE NEW DIMENSION OF WAR - THE UKRAINE
CONFLICT
Sylwia DEMEDZIUK
War Studies University, Warsaw, Poland
sylwiademedziuk@gmail.com
Abstract
The article focuses on the hybrid conflict on the territor...
context:
The article focuses on the hybrid conflict on the territory of Ukraine since 2013.
These features
result from the dynamics of liability of the interstate situation over the centuries. 91 In this article, the author puts the main focus on the changes happening at the
turn of the XX a...
context:
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent formation of 15 independent nations is discussed, including Ukraine's role in the geopolitical landscape.
The rule of changeability, unpredictability and surprise is not only applied in
literature when it comes to describing international relations throughout history,
but also issues concerning new milita...
2 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic would be 90. The anniversary of formation, http://
www.newsweek.pl/historia/zwiazek-socjalistycznych-republik-sowieckich-mialby-90-lat--
rocznica-utworzenia,10...
In line with the theory of Carl von Clauzewitz, war is distinguished by the very
close relationship between politics, nation and war, the priority of politics towards
war, and treating war (violence) ...
Stownik terminow z zakresu bezpieczenstwa narodowego, 6" Edition, Warsaw, 2008, p. 158. 4 C.Clauzewitz, O wojnie, Warsaw, 2010. 5 R. Smentek, Alvin and Heidi Toffler: Wojna i antywojna. Jak przetrwaé ...
a drop
in the values of shares of the listed companies);
¢ civilians are the main victims;
¢ unfavourable media propaganda appears that is supposed to worsen the image
of a certain country on the in...
Regina-Zacharski, Wojna na Ukrainie w 2014 roku w Sswietle wspotczesnych rosyjskich
koncepcji polityczno-wojskowych, in: R. Potocki, M. Domagata, D. Miloszewska (ed.), Czas
EuroMajdanu, Warsaw, 2014, ...
Examples of the new dimension of war are:
the Syrian conflict, the Georgian conflict and the one described in this paper,
namely the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The politics of the Russian Federation ...
Ukraine is the second largest country (after Russia), since it has an area of 603,500
square kilometres, and its population is around 45 million. Ukraine is not very
8 J. Czaputowicz, Bezpieczeristw...
The most significant natural resources of Ukraine are
iron ore, black coal, manganese ore, and, in minor quantities, gas, oil and amber”. It is a country politically and economically weak. According t...
It should be noted that, at that time, Russian’s need to subordinate the
post-Soviet states, including Ukraine, was not highlighted’’. The second school of thought, Neo-Eurasianism, alludes to the not...
Kuzniar (ed.), Porzgdek miedzynarodowy u progu u progu XXI wieku, Warsaw 2005,
pp. 275-296. 12 A. Legucka, Geopolityczne uwarunkowania i konsekwencje konfliktéw zbrojnych na
obszarze poradzieckim, War...
His vision concerning the place of
Russia in the contemporary world is inspired by the words: “Who rules East
Europe commands the Heartland; who rules the Heartland commands the World
Island; who rule...
It connects the elements proving the uniqueness of Russia in the
world; however, without the element of confrontation with the West. Konstantin
Sorokin is regarded as the main precursor. The first tim...
Eberhardt, Koncepcja Heartlandu Halforda Mackindera, Przeglad Geograficzny,
2011, 2(83), p. 261. 17. A. Legucka, Geopolityczne uwarunkowania i konsekwencje konfliktéw zbrojnych....,
op. cit., pp. 74-7...
Firstly, it would be the renewal of the position of Russia as a main player
on the territory of the former Soviet Union. In the future, it also assumes the
transformation of the Commonwealth of Indepe...
This
region is viewed as the place for achieving vested interests. It is also subordinate
to the Russian Federation”. Russia, under Vladimir Putin, has never treated the countries of the former USSR
a...
Bryc, Cele polityki zagranicznej Federacji Rosyjskiej, Torun 2005, pp. 30-31. 21 A. Legucka, Geopolityczne uwarunkowania i konsekwencje konfliktéw zbrojnych...,
p. cit., pp. 76-77. 22 A.Bryc, Cele pol...
These are for
example: the anocracy of Victor Yanukovych, fully subordinated to Moscow,
corruption, nepotism, the economic collapse of Ukraine, social injustice, as well as
the case of Julia Tymoshenk...
“Europe needs Ukraine, considering its demographic potential, its market,
millions of Ukrainians employed in EU countries, as well as in Poland. Ukraine is
ready to accept our standards, as opposed t...
Konoriczuk, Ukraina rezygnuje z podpisania umowy stowarzyszeniowej w Wilnie:
przyczyny i implikacje, https://www.osw.waw.pl/pl/publikacje/analizy/2013-11-27/ukraina-
rezygnuje-z-podpisania-umowy-stowa...
Julia Tymoshenko immediately appeared at the
Maidan and started to encourage demonstrators in a further struggle. Parallel to
these events, the information about the peculiar wealth of Yanukovych went...
The central region: Zhytomyr Oblast, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Chernihiv Oblast,
Vinnytsia Oblast, Kiev Oblast, Cherkasy Oblast, Sumy Oblast, Poltava Oblast, and
Kirovohrad Oblast. The southern region: Ode...
From the very beginning of the
existence of an independent Ukraine, the national identity was built on totally
diverse social attitudes. The sense of belonging to Ukraine was felt mainly by the
inhabi...
fact:
The new chunk provides a list of regions in Ukraine, categorized geographically into central, southern, and eastern regions, detailing the distinct social attitudes and historical conditioning influencing the national identity of Ukraine, particularly focusing on differences in economic ideologies and linguistic preferences between regions.
There were some instances of disconnecting a part
of a territory from a state to maintain proper relations and cooperation with the
Russian Federation. These are: Abkhazia and South Ossetia seceded fr...
Potocki (ed.),
Formatowanie Ukrainy, i, Warsaw, 2013, pp. 137-138. 32 Ibid., p.139. 101 unfinished internal conflict that was started in Donbas and Luhansk in the east
of Ukraine®. The propaganda aspe...
Any form of activity on the Internet, on the
radio, or anywhere else may be used to localise, validate certain information,
which, as a consequence, may lead to creating digital topographic maps of th...
Gieorgica, Rosja w Europie i swiecie, {in:] A. Dorosz, Z. Olesiriski, L. Pastusiak (ed.),
Stosunki..., op. cit., p. 290. 34 J. Regina-Zacharski, Wojna na Ukrainie w 2014 roku w swietle wspotczesnych r...
The “price” of Russia’s involvement in the process of stabilising the new Ukraine
was the annexation of Crimea, which meant the total detachment of Ukraine
from the Black Sea and the gaining of a land...
Then, the Russians organised a referendum, the results
of which were falsified. The majority of voters were for incorporating Crimea
into Russia, which became a pretence to announce the independence o...
Potocki, Krymska wiosna? Mysli (nie) polityczne., [in:] R. Potocki, M. Domagala (ed.),
Formatowanie Ukrainy..., op. cit., p.92. 37 Ibid., p. 93. 38 A. Gil, Pélwysep niezgody. Aneksja Krymu przez Feder...
At the very beginning, they took over some
administrative institutions in Donetsk and announced the creation of the Donetsk
People’s Republic (DPR). On 11" May 2014, a referendum took place, and the
f...
In the middle of April 2014, which was the time when the self-proclaimed,
insurgent republics aspired to gaining independence, the Ukrainian forces began
an antiterrorist operation (ATO), the aim of w...
Additionally, the regular military units of the Russian Army entered Donbas”. What is more, in the middle of August, the Russian Army entered the territory
of Ukraine pretending to be a humanitarian a...
fact:
Russia's politics towards Ukraine since 1991 has been a background to the hybrid conflict and is influenced by geopolitical considerations such as Ukraine's sovereignty.
fact:
Maidan Revolution and the annexation of Crimea led to the hybrid war in Ukraine.
context:
The new chunk discusses the character of the new dimension of war, the politics of the Russian Federation towards Ukraine, the causes for the conflict in Ukraine, and the features of the new war in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, with a focus on Russia's geopolitical considerations regarding Ukraine. It also delves into the national identity of Ukraine, with different social attitudes shaping the sense of belonging across regions, particularly focusing on differences in historical conditioning and economic ideologies in the eastern and southern regions. Additionally, the regular military units of the Russian Army entered Donbas. Russian media reported that a humanitarian aid convoy from the Ministry of Emergency Situations entered Ukraine, with suspicions of weapons being transported along with aid. Efforts were made to find a peaceful solution, leading to a ceasefire protocol in Minsk in September 2014.
context:
The new chunk introduces the concept of 'new wars,' such as the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, in the context of the post-Cold-War international order, highlighting Russia's geopolitical views towards Ukraine and the concept of dynamic balance introduced by Vladimir Putin. Additionally, the chunk describes specific instances of military actions in east Ukraine, including the entry of Russian military units and a controversial humanitarian aid convoy, leading to international efforts to establish peace with a ceasefire protocol signed in Minsk in September 2014.
The ceasefire was partially adhered
to but another agreement was indispensable. This was the reason why, on 12%
February 2015, the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, Germany and France, after a few
hours of ...
Bryjka, Rosyjska wojna zastepcza w Donbasie, AntePortas — Studia nad
Bezpieczenstwem, 1(6), 2016, p. 207. 43 R.Sadowski, A. Wierzbowska-Miazga, Zawieszenie broni na wschodzie Ukrainy, https://
www.osw...
The aid of the
Russian Federation was based on providing separatists with the necessary military
equipment and financial support. Apart from Russia’s assistance, factionalists
received help from some ...
fact:
The article aims to depict the Kremlin’s methods of conducting a modern war, also referred to as a hybrid war.
fact:
The time frames of the article discussed in the new chunk range from the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 to 2016.
fact:
New wars, as described in the new chunk, involve non-public actors, paramilitary groups, mercenaries controlled by powers, showing a denationalisation or privatisation of war.
fact:
New wars exhibit dissymmetry, where the parties involved are not equal in power or resources.
fact:
New wars often have cultural, ethnic, and religious roots, making it challenging to define the opponent, the aims of the war, and determine the beginning and end of the conflict.
fact:
In new wars, strategic places and institutions are targeted, and there may be aims to disrupt the economic situation of a particular country through actions like manipulating stock values.
fact:
Civilians are the primary victims in new wars, and unfavorable media propaganda is used to tarnish the image of certain countries.
fact:
New wars may involve illegal and harmful activities in cyberspace, often transitioning from internal conflicts to international ones over time.
fact:
The parties involved in new wars are often financed through organised crime, selling natural resources, and other illegal means.
What
is more, they claim that the Crimea strived to be seceded from Ukraine itself,
whereas the white truck convoy was just humanitarian aid from the Kremlin. Conclusions
To conclude, the dissolution...
and the level of economic and political development began their existence®. Countries such as Georgia, Moldavia, or the one described by the author of this
paper — Ukraine, target cooperation with the...
On the other hand,
it led to war, conflict with the Russian Federation, which has not been settled
yet. It aroused the Russian-speaking part of Ukraine to reflect on which side to
support. What is mor...
However, in
the opinion of the Kremlin, Russia can be the only proponent of the respected and
eternal values that join these countries. 48 K.Malak, Wstep, [in:] A. Legucka, K. Malaka (ed.), Polityka z...
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